This paper examines the role of external shocks in explaining macroeconomic fluctuations in African countries. We construct a quantitative, stochastic, dynamic, multi-sector equilibrium model of a small open economy calibrated to represent a "typical" African economy. In our framework, external shocks consist of trade shocks, modeled as fluctuations in the prices of exported primary commodities...

Exported proteins of bacterial pathogens function both in essential physiological processes and in virulence. Past efforts to identify exported proteins were limited by the use of bacteria growing under laboratory (in vitro) conditions. Thus, exported proteins that are exported only or preferentially in the context of infection may be overlooked. To solve this problem, we developed a genome-wid...

In a rapidly expanding offshore wind market, governments are evaluating their role in the support of the export of their domestic companies. This paper looks at what roles governments utilize in the export domain. Four governmental roles are identified and their prevalence is rated in different stages of the export process. A framework of these is applied to the Dutch offshore wind sector by pe...

The import and export of goods normally require the involvement of many different sectors from purchasing, manufacturing, transporting, inventory, distribution, etc. In order to have proper plans, accurately forecast the volume of imported-exported goods is the core issue. By comparing the performance of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, Grey model, and their joint Fourier...

India, the leading supplier of low-cost generic drugs to Africa, has begun fi ghting back to counter the confusion surrounding counterfeit drugs in the region. A raft of new and proposed anti-counterfeit laws could potentially deprive Africa of aff ordable, essential medicines. The immediate cause of concern is Kenya’s Anti-Counterfeit Act 2008, which came into eff ect in July, 2009. The new la...

CLIMATE POLICY 8 (2008) 577–587 Growing international trade has been one of the most important drivers for China’s recent economic growth. This growth has fed rapid increases in energy demand and carbon emissions since 2000. China is now the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide. There is mounting pressure from some in the international community for China to take specific actions to mitiga...

In this paper, we investigated the extent to which accession EU has had an effect on increasing variety of exports agri-food categories for two Eastern European countries, namely Romania and Bulgaria. We also assessed impact changes in dynamics volume products these countries used entropy measure variability by categories. The results confirm important role played related a country's long-term ...

____________________________________________________________ We propose a methodology for studying changes in bilateral trade due to countries exporting goods that they did not export previously, or exported only in small quantities. Applying this methodology to countries pairs that undergo trade liberalization and to pairs where one of the countries undergoes significant structural transformat...

Small and open economic systems like cities face specific challenges for greenhouse gas accounting. They typically import most of their energy requirements as secondary energy products based on conversion processes which caused emissions elsewhere. Emission estimates therefore already require attention not only to direct on-site activities. Moreover, for a comprehensive approach it is suggested...

Since World War II, integration with the world economy has arguably been the chief route from poverty to wealth. Japan initially exported cheap goods and later moved on to more technologically sophisticated products. When Japan became rich, Korea, Taiwan Province of China, Hong Kong SAR and Singapore replaced Japan as low wage exporters, and when these countries moved on to more sophisticated p...