INTRODUCTION: High and sustainable export growth, mainly driven by agricultural productivity, is critical for Zambia to reduce poverty and foster economic development. Despite the fact that, Zambia’s economic policies have for a long time emphasised export diversification, copper remains the main export commodity for Zambia. Coffee, an essential export commodity in most eastern African countrie...

Recent studies have challenged the view that trade openness leads to more specialization in countries’ trade. Using a panel of 116 countries over 35 years, we show that openness can be positively associated with both specialization and diversification, depending on the measure used. Moreover, for developing countries in our sample, the effect of openness on trade structure depends on the type o...

This paper empirically examines the role of diversification in export markets on firm-level R&D activities taking account of the potential endogeneity in this relationship. We show that geographical sales diversification across different regions of the world induces UK firms to increase their R&D expenditures, as firms must innovate and develop new products to maintain a competitive edge over t...