A symmetric Galerkin formulation and implementation for heat conduction in a three-dimensional functionally graded material is presented. The Green’s function of the graded problem, in which the thermal conductivity varies exponentially in one co-ordinate, is used to develop a boundary-only formulation without any domain discretization. The main task is the evaluation of hypersingular and singu...

This paper investigates the moments and stress resultants from infinite FG laminates with different polygonal cutouts subject to uniaxial tensile load. The analytical solution used for the calculation of stress resultants and moments is the basis of the complex-variable method and conformal mapping function. The impact of various factors, namely cutout orientation angle, cutout aspect ratio as ...

In this article, the magneto-thermo-elastic problem of exponentially graded material (EGM) hollow rotating disk placed in uniform magnetic and temperature fields is considered. Exact solutions for stresses and perturbations of the magnetic field vector in EGM hollow rotating disk are determined using the infinitesimal theory of magneto-thermo-elasticity under plane stress. The material properti...

The intention of this study is the analysis of thermal behavior of functionally graded beam (FGB). The distribution of material properties is imitated exponential function. For thermal loading the steady state of heat conduction with exponentially and hyperbolic variations through the thickness of FGB, is considered. With comparing of thermal behavior of both isotropic beam and FGB, it is appea...

In this paper, the analytical solution of an electric and Volterra edge dislocation in a functionally graded piezoelectric (FGP) medium is obtained by means of complex Fourier transform. The system is subjected to in-plane mechanical and electrical loading. The material properties of the medium vary exponentially with coordinating parallel to the crack. In this study, the rate of the gradual ch...

A complete investigation on the free vibration and stability analysis of beams made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) containing open edge cracks utilizing four beam theories, Euler-Bernoulli, Rayleigh, shear and Timoshenko, is performed in this research. It is assumed that the material properties vary along the beam thickness exponentially and the cracked beam is modeled as two segments ...

In this paper, static analysis of functionally graded annular plate resting on elastic foundation with various boundary conditions is carried out by using a semi-‍analytical approach‍ (SSM‍-DQM). The differential governing equations are presented based on the three dimensional theory of elasticity. The plate is assumed isotropic at any point, while material properties to vary exponentially thro...

let $g$ be a group with identity $e$. let $r$ be a $g$-graded commutative ring with a non-zero identity and $m$ be a graded $r$-module. in this article, we introduce the concept of graded almost semiprime submodules. also, we investigate some basic properties of graded almost semiprime and graded weakly semiprime submodules and give some characterizations of them.

We report novel design considerations for graded separate confinement heterostructure (SCH) cavities of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Using a self-consistent effective-index method, we have analyzed ungraded, linearly and exponentially graded SCH cavities of an 850-nm VCSEL. An ungraded SCH gives the best optical-confinement factor, while linear and exponentia...

Based on the Frobenius series method, stresses analysis of the functionally graded rotating thick cylindrical pressure vessels (FGRTCPV) are examined. The vessel is considered in both plane stress and plane strain conditions. All of the cylindrical shell properties except the Poisson ratio are considered exponential function along the radial direction. The governing Navier equation for this pro...