The vertebrate hedgehog-related gene Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is expressed in ventral domains along the entire rostrocaudal length of the neural tube, including the forebrain. We show here that SHH induces the differentiation of ventral neuronal cell types in explants derived from prospective forebrain regions of the neural plate. Neurons induced in explants derived from both diencephalic and telen...

It has been suggested that one of the major functions of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of the embryonic chick limb-bud is to maintain mesenchymal cells directly subjacent to it (i.e. cells extending 0.4-- 0.5 mm from the AER) in a labile, undifferentiated condition. We have attempted to directly test this hypothesis by subjecting the undiffertiated subridge mesoderm of stage-25 embryonic ch...

Effects of different concentrations of IAA (0, 0.3, 0.6 mg/l) and 2ip (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 mg/l) and their combinations on callus induction and shoot regeneration of hypocotyl and its thin cell layer (TCL) explants in tomato was studied. Explants were prepared from hypocotyls of seedlings in the aseptic condition. Hypocotyl segments were more efficient than TCL explants for callus induction a...

lilium ledebourii (baker) boiss. (liliaceae) is a critically endangered lily species native tonorthern iran, where it is protected by law. in order to develop a cost effective method for largescalepropagation, the effects of three culture systems (solid, liquid and temporary immersion)and two types of cytokinins [6-benzyladenine (ba) and thidiazuron (tdz)] were studied onthe in vitro plant rege...

In vitro shoot regeneration is a fast and reliable method for propagation of valuable tree genotypes important step in genetic manipulations. This study aimed to establish an optimal culture initiation protocol highly productive poplar clones ‘Novoberlinska-3’ (Populus pyramidalis × P. laurifolia) ‘Volosystoplidna’ (P. trichocarpa). was initiated either on MS (IM-MS) or WPM (IM-WPM) medium both...

Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew grows naturally in the Hakkari province of Türkiye. Although P. has potential use as a medicine and ornamental plant, it is especially used medicinal plant for cure various diseases by local people. In vitro tissue culture methods are favorable propagation, conservation, breeding plants. We aimed this study to achieve regeneration from different explant types. Seed...

Prolactin (PRL) is a 23-kDa hormone produced by the pituitary and extrapituitary sites. The main target of PRL is the breast, where it affects cellular growth, differentiation, and milk production. Recent evidence suggests that locally produced PRL plays a role in breast tumorigenesis. Our objective was to examine PRL synthesis/release in different tissues of the human breast and determine the ...

Chemotherapy has remained the mainstay for treatment of multiple types cancers. In particular, topical use chemotherapy been used skin Though effective, limited due to adverse effects such as local and even systemic toxicities. Given our ongoing studies that exposure pro-oxidative stressors, including therapeutic agents induces generation extracellular vesicles known microvesicle particles (MVP...

Foliar explants of Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi n.c. were cultured on four different media: a basal medium, basal medium plus benzyladenine, basal medium plus 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and the basal medium containing both hormones. No differentiation or cell division occurred in leaf explants cultured on the basal medium. Addition of benzyladenine caused the formation of buds on th...