UNLABELLED Road transport emissions are a major contributor to ambient particulate matter concentrations and have been associated with adverse health effects. Therefore, these emissions are targeted through increasingly stringent European emission standards. These policies succeed in reducing exhaust emissions, but do not address "nonexhaust" emissions from brake wear, tire wear, road wear and ...

Fuels from renewable resources have gained worldwide interest due to limited fossil oil sources and the possible reduction of atmospheric greenhouse gas. One of these fuels is so called biodiesel produced from vegetable oil by transesterification into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). To get a first insight into changes of health hazards from diesel engine emissions (DEE) by use of biodiesel sci...

Particulate matter (PM) emissions were measured in July 2010 from on-road motor vehicles driving through a highway tunnel in the San Francisco Bay area. A soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was used to measure the chemical composition of PM emitted by gasoline and diesel vehicles at high time resolution. Organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (BC) concentrations were measured durin...

This paper addresses the application of high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) for reduced nitrogen oxide emissions from diesel engines. The research objective is to develop fundamental information about the relationship between EGR parameters and diesel combustion instability and particulate formation so that options can be explored for maximizing the practical EGR limit, thereby further reducin...

Over the past 115 years the invention of a compression ignition engine by Rudolph Diesel in the 1890s has contributed significantly to the productivity of many nations, owing to the widespread use of larger diesel powered equipment in most industrial activities. The down-side in terms of occupational health has been the exposure of a large number of workers to the complex mixture of toxic, gase...

rate. In the USA, the introduction of federal car exhaust emission standards in 1968 did lead to a reduction in deaths from exhaust poisoning (Clarke & Lester, 1987). EC legislation regarding exhaust emissions has now been introduced into the UK, and the use of catalytic converters (which reduce exhaust carbon monoxide content by 80-90%) is becoming more widespread. The case of a failed suicide...

Methanol as a biofuel is an environmentally friendly substitute for pure diesel and can be obtained from biomasses. The use of biofuels such as methanol for the combustion process is associated with positive impacts on the environment. Using pure methanol or a blend of diesel/methanol fuel in motorized vehicles has been proposed by researchers. In this paper, pure methanol was injected into the...

Sweden Front cover: Electrone microscope image of a diesel exhaust particle agglomerate.Till Cicci, Erica och Arvid " Every animal is naturally made for the use of pure, natural and free air " Tests of the effects of air on the human body, John Arbuthnot.ABSTRACT Exhaust emissions from mobile sources is one of the major sources to air pollution. Thus, it is important to identify and quantify ch...

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) seems to be the most promising solution for gasoline engines in the light of future emissions regulations. This novel combustion technique allows for significant reduction of fuel consumption and engine-out NOX emissions at low and medium engine load/speed conditions. High heat release rate enables realization of the Otto cycle close to ideal, incr...

Stringent emission legislation all over the world has led to the search for alternative fuels for I.C. Engines. In this context, experiments were carried out to evaluate the exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics with a conventional diesel engine (CE) and ceramic coated low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine [with ceramic coated cylinder head] with different operating conditions [norm...