Factors determining the symptoms of breathlessness and fatigue in patients with congestive heart failure were investigated by comparing the response to slow and fast exercise. Symptom limited oxygen consumption (maximal); minute ventilation, mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; and arterial blood gases, pH, and lactate concentrations were measured during treadmill exercise using a slow prot...

1. In peripheral arterial insufficiency, leg blood flow during exercise is reduced. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic response in different muscle types during exercise at reduced versus normal exercise blood flow. 2. A modified rat hindlimb perfusion model was used. Muscle metabolites and distribution of labelled microspheres were analysed in the soleus and the gastrocnemi...

Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are used as non-invasive tools to enhance microcirculation and tissue oxygenation, with a modulatory influence on the microvasculature. This study aimed measure acute effect of PEMF muscle oxygenation its pulmonary oxygen kinetics during exercise. Eighteen male cyclists performed, different days, constant-load exercise in both active (ON) inactive (OFF) sti...

congenital myasthenic syndromes (cms) are a group of diseases caused by genetic defects affecting neuromuscular transmission and are heterogeneous in inheritance and pathophysiology. these are classified as: 1. presynaptic defects: including choline acetyl transferase deficiency, paucity of synaptic vesicles, lambert-eaton like cms 2. synaptic defect: endplate ach esterase deficiency 3. postsyn...

Corticothalamic slow oscillations of neuronal activity determine internal brain states. At least in the cortex, the electrical activity is associated with large neuronal Ca(2+) transients. Here we implemented an optogenetic approach to explore causal features of the generation of slow oscillation-associated Ca(2+) waves in the in vivo mouse brain. We demonstrate that brief optogenetic stimulati...

Objective: The present study aimed to review the literature on non-pharmacological interventions used to treat stereotyped and repetitive behaviors by a systematic method. Methods: Two authors independently performed a search strategy on Medline/PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO on English articles published up to April 23, 2014 with relevant search keywords. We also reviewed the bibliographies of...