Although inhibition of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger normally increases [Ca2+]i in neonatal cardiac myocytes, application of the inhibitor Ni2+ appears to reduce [Ca2+] measured by fluo-3. To investigate how the apparent reduction in [Ca2+]i occurs we examined Ca2+ transport by the human Na+/Ca2+ exchanger expressed in Sf9 cells. Transport of Ca2+ by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger was examined using a laser-s...

Previous studies have demonstrated a raised Na(+) content in leucocytes isolated from women with pre-eclampsia. Increased Na(+)/H(+) exchanger activity is one membrane transport abnormality that may contribute to this phenomenon and may be implicated in the abnormal volume homoeostasis and hypertension associated with the disease. Increased Na(+)/H(+) exchanger activity has been documented in n...

The aircraft environmental control system (ECS) is a critical aircraft system, which provides the appropriate environmental conditions to ensure the safe transport of air passengers and equipment. The functionality and reliability of ECS have received increasing attention in recent years. The heat exchanger is a particularly significant component of the ECS, because its failure decreases the sy...

In this paper, fluid flow and heat transfer in the laboratory (small size) shell tube heat exchanger are analysed by computational fluid dynamic software. In this type of shell tube heat exchanger baffles with different angles of rotation: 00 (horizontal segmental baffle), 150 (from horizontal), 300, 450, 600, 750, 900 (vertical segmental baffle) is used. Effect of baffle orientation on shell t...

Oil refinery is one of industries that require huge energy consumption. The today technology advance requires energy saving. Heat integration is a method used to minimize the energy comsumption though the implementation of Heat Exchanger Network (HEN). CPT is one of types of Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) that functions to recover the heat in the flow of product or waste. HEN comprises a number o...

Previous studies that have evaluated the Na(+)-H+ antiporter in cells from hypertensive subjects were generally performed under conditions in which HCO3-CO2, the physiological buffer system, was absent from the assay media. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of the Na(+)-H+ antiporter and that of the Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent Cl(-)-HCO3- exchangers in cells ass...

The current study was attributed to uranium (VI) ions adsorption using a anion exchanger resin, Dowex®2x8, in the presence of sulfate anions. Evaluation of operational parameters including contact time, pH, initial concentration of uranium ions, and presence of various anions (including phosphate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, and nitrate) in the solution was assessed on sorption performance of ...

many studies are performed by researchers about shell and tube heat exchanger but the multi-objective big bang-big crunch algorithm (mobba) technique has never been used in such studies. this paper presents application of thermal-economic multi-objective optimization of shell and tube heat exchanger using mobba. for optimal design of a shell and tube heat exchanger, it was first thermally model...

a novel technique is investigated for pid controller adaptation in order to control thetemperature of a liquid-phase reactor tank by using a heat exchanger system. as for nonlinearity,time delay problems and model uncertainties introduced by the heat exchanger, an interval type-2fuzzy system (it2fs) is implemented to enhance and improve the total control performance.moreover, the fuzzy inferenc...

heat exchangers are one of the most important devices of mechanical systems in modernsociety. most industrial processes involve the transfer of heat and more often they requirethe heat transfer process to be controlled. a heat exchanger is the heat exchanged betweentwo media, one being cold and the other being hot. there are different types of heatexchanger, but the type which is widely used in...