During liquid evaporation, the equations for the vapor concentration in the atmosphere and for the temperature in the liquid are coupled and must be solved in an iterative manner. In the present paper, a combined field approach which unifies the coupled fields into one single hybrid field and thus makes the iteration unnecessary is proposed. By using this approach, the influences of the evapora...

Sandgrouse (Pterocliformes) are quintessential examples of avian adaptation to desert environments, but relatively little is known about the limits to their heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity. We predicted that evaporative cooling in Burchell's sandgrouse (Pterocles burchelli) is highly efficient and provides the basis for tolerance of very high air temperature (Ta). We measured bo...

Gas turbines play an important role in supplying power for the country especially in peak electricity load. The main disadvantages are the turbines, they produce large changes are a result of climate change. However, in times of peak electricity grid and at the same time warm months, can produce gas turbines under the effect of ambient temperature, the amount of reduced considerably. The method...

We demonstrate a way to circumvent the interruption of evaporative cooling observed at high bias field for 87 Rb atoms trapped in the (F = 2, m = +2) ground state. Our scheme uses a 3-frequencies-RF-knife achieved by mixing two RF frequencies. This compensates part of the non linearity of the Zee-man effect, allowing us to achieve BEC where standard 1-frequency-RF-knife evaporation method did n...

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The focus of this work is to revise for semi-batch and continuous operations, the model equations of a seeded batch cooling crystallisation of α-lactose monohydrate. A case study of evaporative semi-batch operation is also included for reference as models of cooling and heating are not much different. In order to achieve the highest yield, dynamic optimisations must be performed on these models...