Classical conditioning experiments are reviewed in which the dependent variables are subjective responses, typically involving the evaluation of stimulus materials. These experiments suggest that classical conditioning produces a positive or negative change in the evaluation of previously neutral stimuli. We re-interpret these studies as well as presenting data of our own to support the view th...

Comparative or evaluative questions are the non-factoid class of questions that contain comparative or evaluative keywords, which may or may not be directly quantifiable. This entails the need for extraction of comparative and evaluative features, identification of semantic meaning of those features and converting them to quantifiable criteria before data can be obtained from the source text. T...

EVALUATIVE PROPERTIES ARE often thought to be problematic. E.g., they are said to be “unverifiable,” to “play no role in observation,” to be “queer,” to suffer from a “location problem,” and indeed “not [to be] in this world at all.”1 These charges differ in detail, and there are a variety of ways of responding to them.2 However, one general way of vindicating evaluative properties is to show t...

Cognitive agents form beliefs representing the world, evaluate the world as represented, form plans for making the world more to their liking, and perform actions executing the plans. Then the cycle repeats. This is the doxastic-conative loop, diagrammed in figure one. Both human beings and the autonomous rational agents envisaged in AI are cognitive agents in this sense. The cognition of a cog...

Previous studies have shown that Westerners evaluate themselves in an especially flattering way when faced with a social-evaluative threat. The current study first investigated whether East Asians also have a similar pattern by recruiting Chinese participants and using social-evaluative threat manipulations in which participants perform self-evaluation tasks while adopting different social-eval...

Together with the ever-growing amount of Chinese web data, the number of opinions voiced by Chinese users is rapidly increasing, and analyzing them is an important task. This paper introduces a Chinese Evaluative Information Analyzer (CEIA) and proposes a method to improve its performance. We use evaluative information as a unifying term for the information about attitudes, opinions, sentiments...

Evaluative conditioning is best defined as an effect, that is, as a change in the valence of a stimulus that results from pairing the stimulus with another stimulus. This definition has several advantages that are made explicit in this paper. One of the advantages is that it clarifies that evaluative conditioning can be due to multiple processes. Therefore, the conditions under which evaluative...