debt: major default risks for dc banks, shortage of cash for the lowest-income developing countries (LICs), and uncertainty and high cost of credit for middleincome developing countries (MICs), all require attention; recycling: if OPEC surpluses are not placed in Ides to permit extra imports from des (tn-cycling) Ides will cut their purchases of such imports, and will be driven towards costly b...

Workers’ remittances constitute one of the most important sources of external finance for many developing countries. Although it shows a decreasing trend in recent years, Egypt after 1970s with her regular and massive labor migration to abroad has been still one of the gainer countries on remittances across the world. Empirical studies that implemented for various countries reveal workers’ ...

Background Addressing diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) will require a multisectoral policy approach that includes the food supply and trade, but implementing effective policies has proved challenging. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) has experienced significant trade and economic liberalization over the past decade; at the same time, the nutrition transition has pr...

This paper investigates the impact of geography on technological diffusion via international trade and proposes to re-examine the contribution of Coe, Helpman and Hoffmaister to the knowledge spillovers literature. Using a gravitational model, we first confirm the negative effect of physical distance on imports. We also show that geographic proximity contributes to more technological diffusion ...

Agricultural biotechnologies, and especially transgenic crops, have the potential to boost food security in developing countries by offering higher incomes for farmers and lower priced and better quality food for consumers. That potential is being heavily compromised, however, because the European Union and some other countries have implemented strict regulatory systems to govern their producti...

In this paper we analyze whether U.S. Anti-Dumping (AD) duties in the agricultural sector are effective in restricting trade. More specifically, does imposition of an antidumping duty restrict imports of the named commodity or is there a diversion in the supply of imports from countries named in the petition to countries not named in the antidumping petition? We find that AD duties have had a s...

Regional integration agreements (RIAs) are examples of second best and have an ambiguous impact on welfare. This paper builds a model where RIAs unambiguously raise welfare by correcting for externalities. It assumes that trade between neighboring countries raises trust between them and reduce the likelihood of conflict. The optimum intervention in that case is a subsidy on imports from the nei...