The aim of the present study is to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) towards African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Adult male catfish was exposed to 0, 25, 50, and 75 mgl–1 Ag-NPs for two weeks. Exposure to Ag-NPs exerted an increase in mortality rate and behavioural changes compared to control. A fluorescent microscopy examination was used to assess ...

Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) is a tephritid fruit fly of primarily Asian distribution that became established in Hawaii in 1983 and recently invaded Africa, being detected in Tanzania in 2006 and in Kenya in 2007. Although males of the majority of dacine fruit flies respond to either methyl eugenol or cuelure, B. latifrons shows little to no response to these lures. Instead, B. latifrons males...

Agonists such as icilin and menthol can activate the cool temperature-sensitive ion channel TRPM8. However, biological responses to menthol may occur independently of TRPM8 activation. In the rodent urinary bladder, menthol facilitates the micturition reflex but inhibits muscarinic contractions of the detrusor smooth muscle. The site(s) of TRPM8 expression in the bladder are controversial. In t...

The effects of alcohol monoterpene menthol, a major active ingredient of the peppermint plant was tested on the function of human hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. 5-HT (1 μM)-evoked currents recorded by two-electrode voltage clamp technique were reversibly inhibited by menthol in a concentrationdependent (IC50=163 μM) manner. The effects of menthol develo...

In this study, we have investigated how the function of native and recombinant nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is modulated by the monoterpenoid alcohol from peppermint (-) menthol. In trigeminal neurons (TG), we found that nicotine (75 μM)-activated whole-cell currents through nAChRs were reversibly reduced by menthol in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ of 111 μM. To an...

The anesthetic effects of clove-oil-derived eugenol were studied in the zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton). Acute lethality and the effects of exposures to various dosages of eugenol were measured. The estimated 96-h LC50 for eugenol was 21 ppm. Times to induction and recovery from anesthesia were measured and compared with MS-222 under similar conditions. Eugenol induced anesthesia faster and a...

abstract the present research was conducted in a commercial orchard of pistachio during 2006-2007 in rafsanjan, iran. gibberellic acid (ga3) were applied at 0, 25, 50 and 75 mgl-1 and at three time of spray (the first of june, july and august) on “ahmad-aghai” pistachio cultivar. two branches of each tree was sprayed during two years of study. spraying at june had least of early splitting. ga3 ...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin which is a common contaminant in grains during storage. Aspergillus ochraceus is the most common producer of OTA. Essential oils play a crucial role as a biocontrol in the reduction of fungal contamination. Essential oils namely natural cinnamaldehyde, cinnamon oil, synthetic cinnamaldehyde, Litsea citrate oil, citral, eugenol, peppermint, eucalyptus, anise and...

The effects of alcohol monoterpene menthol, a major active ingredient of the peppermint plant, were tested on the function of human 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. 5-HT (1 μM)-evoked currents recorded by two-electrode voltage-clamp technique were reversibly inhibited by menthol in a concentration-dependent (IC50 = 163 μM) manner. The effects of ...