This article argues that lingering uncertainty about the normative foundations of research ethics is perpetuated by two unfounded dogmas of research ethics. The first dogma is that clinical research, as a social activity, is an inherently utilitarian endeavor. The second dogma is that an acceptable framework for research ethics must impose constraints on this endeavor whose moral force is groun...

We contribute to population ethics by proposing and axiomatizing rankdiscounted critical-level generalized utilitarianism (RDCLU). Population ethics is needed for evaluation of policies, e.g., concerning climate change, where population size depends on the chosen policy. We show that critical-level generalized utilitarianism and (a version of) critical-level leximin are the limits of RDCLU for ...

Improving Nature? is guided by a simple set of premises t h a t the science o f genetic engineering is essential to discussing its ethics and, moreover, that a coherent set o f ethical principles cannot be developed solely from scientific comprehension. This stance is sensible, if not selfevident, in the examination o f any new technology. 3 The authors, Michael Reiss, a biologist at Cambridge ...

In Germany the public awareness on ethical problems of the application of medicine and life sciences on human beings is very high. It can be observed that German Society is rather sensitive concerning bioethical issues. Politics supports this attitude. Many articles in professional journals as well as in newspapers cover bioethical issues. Conferences and workshops on a professional and an educ...

This article takes what has always been a methodological and ethical question for anthropologists (how should we relate to others?) and turns it into an ethnographic one (how do those we study think ethically across borders?). We show that, paradoxically, anthropologists’ commitment to their own forms of ethics across borders have frequently effaced alternative conceptions among the people we s...

concurrently, organizations must respond effectively to social expectations and moral law and to achieve success in all areas and by respecting professional ethics adopt an appropriate procedure to achieve these expectations align with organizational goals to facilitates promotion of social accountability and realization of higher goals. in this study, we have formulated a framework by reviewin...

public health ethics is a field that covers both factual and ethical issues in health policy and science, and has positive obligations to improve the well-being of populations and reduce social inequalities. it is obvious that various philosophies and moral theories can differently shape the framework of public health ethics. for this reason, the present study reviewed theories of justice in or...

15 Engineering ethics is usually seen as the field of study that focuses on the ethical aspects of the actions and decisions of engineers, both individually and collectively. Interest in engineering ethics, especially in the context of engineering education, has been rapidly increasing during the last few decades. As existing textbooks and other publications demonstrate, engineering ethics invo...

The goals of medical ethics education comprise several dimensions: legal duties to secure informed consent, tell the truth and protect confidentiality; objective competencies that include an understanding of DNR regulations and surrogate decision-making procedures; discursive moral skills such as moral sensitivity, reciprocity and moral development that combine into the capacity for moral dialo...

fulfilling the related responsibilities has ethical aspects thatmust be addressed carefully. Each role requires extensivetraining, which usually takes place in university institutions.Ethics is applied in at least three academic areas, including: a)in education of students’ personal growth, b) in patient care,and c) in university communion in population-based healthcare. Given the importance of...