Differences in the expression of specific genes within breast tumors have been associated with risk of recurrence after treatment. Most women with Stage I or II node-negative breast cancer (especially when estrogen-receptor positive and treated with tamoxifen) remain disease-free at 10 years. Information on risk of recurrence could help identify women most likely to benefit from chemotherapy. S...

Riyue Liu, Yue Chen, Rui Zhang, Yaxin Liu, Nianzhi Jiao, Qinglu Zeng Division of Life Science and Environmental Science Programs, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, C...

Xenoestrogens are either natural or synthetic compounds that mimic the effects of endogenous estrogen. These compounds, such as bisphenol-A (BPA), and phthalates, are commonly found in plastic wares. Exposure to these compounds poses major risk to human health because of the potential to cause endocrine disruption. There is huge demand for a wide range of chemicals to be assessed for such poten...

Introduction Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is the classic example of an endocrine disruptor and exemplifies the damage done by xenoestrogens. DES is a non-steroidal, synthetic estrogen that was developed to supplement a woman's natural estrogen production. DES was first prescribed by physicians in 1938 for women who experienced miscarriages or premature deliveries that were believed due to insuffici...

Androstenedione, 4-androstenediol, 5-androstenediol, 19-norandrostenediol and 19-norandrostenedione are commonly referred to as "Andro" prohormones. Over the last few years, supplementation using these prohormones has been aggressively marketed to the general public. Supplement manufacturers often claim that Andro use improves serum testosterone concentrations, increases muscular strength and m...

Abstract Silkworm is an insect that feeds on mulberry leaves only, and silkworm powder has been reported to have antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anticholesterol activities. In this study, we measured the content of 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) in 24 different extracts from cocoons also investigated estrogenic activities these their effects activation intracellular signaling pathways MCF-7 breast cance...

schizophrenia is a debilitating and pervasive mental illness with devastating effects on many aspects of psychological, cognitive and social wellbeing. epidemiological and life-cycle data point to significant differences in the incidence and course of schizophrenia between men and women, suggesting that estrogen plays a “protective” role . adjunctive estrogen therapy has been shown to be effect...

BACKGROUND/OBJECFTIVES The effect of St. John's Wort extract (SJW) on MG-63 cell proliferation and trabecular bone loss induced by ovariectomy was examined. MATERIALS/METHODS Proliferation, expression of estrogen receptor (ER) α and ER β, and gene expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OC) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were examined in MG-63 cells treated with or without SJW. Ova...

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