The purpose of this study is to assess the energy savings and emission reductions of the present rural biogas system in China. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method is used to analyze a "pig-biogas-fish" system in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China. The nonrenewable energy cost and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the system, including the pigsty, the biogas digester, and the fishpond, are t...

1. Sustainable Growth: Concepts and Framework 1.1 Economic Growth 1.2 Sustainable Development 1.3 Sustainable Growth 1.4 Economic Growth Theory as a Framework for Analyzing Sustainable Growth 2. Economic Growth Without Environmental Factors: A Basic Model 2.1 The Model 2.2 Sustainable Growth in the Basic Model 2.3 Technological Change 3. Sustainable Growth With Nonrenewable Resources 3.1 Produc...

In this paper we study the long-term operation of an underground copper mining project. We model the project as a collection of blocks (minimal extraction units) each with its own mineral composition and extraction costs. The decision maker’s problem is to maximize the economic value of the project by controlling the sequence and rate of extraction as well as investing on costly capacity expans...

<p>Optimization structures are mostly considered for resolving multi-objective difficulties similar to cost, emission, and financial load dispatch in various energy sources. Non-renewable sources (NRES) emit harmful gases like CO<sup>2</sup>, methane. which results air pollutants, so techniques used survey papers. By considering optimization techniques, the problems reduced re...

This paper investigates the implications of an intertemporally dependent demand structure in the market for an exhaustible resource. The demand structure is derived endogenously in a partial equilibrium model where price-taking users combine the resource with capital to produce final output. It is shown that, when demand for the resource is modelled explicitly as a derived demand, the common as...