Background:The most efficient application of ionizing radiation is serving medical purposes and using this radiation has caused people to learn that artificial sources of radiation exposure among these resources can be of highest exposure rate.  Objective: The present study is aimed at initially establishing a baseline for local-reference dose level in Mazandaran, Iran in 12 projections of the...

Since the concept of doping superlattice was proposed by Esak and Tsu, the electronic properties of it were intensively investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Doping superlattices are structures which contain alternatively n-type and p-type doped regions of one semiconductor material and have a number of unique properties, such as tunable electronic structures, indirect band gap in...

Introduction: Average glandular dose (AGD), entrance skin air kerma (ESAK) and normalized glandular dose (DgN) are the main dosimetric quantities in mammography. In this study, DgN is evaluated in the presence of breast cyst, which is a common disease among women and the influence of size, number and location of the cysts on the DgN is investigated. Materials and Meth...

Introduction: Paediatric patients deserve special attention because of the higher radiation risks compared with adults. The main purpose of this study is to determine patient dose and diagnostic reference level for Paediatric through Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) calculations in common X-ray examination and to establish Paediatric national DRLs in digital radiography in Iran. <...

Injections: Is It Overkill? We read with great interest the article by Kranz et al in the August 2012 issue of AJNR entitled, “CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Cervical Interlaminar Steroid Injections: Safety, Technique, and Radiation Dose Parameters.” The authors concluded that CT fluoroscopy (CTF)– guided epidural steroid injections (ESIs) can be performed with a low rate of procedural complications and...

Introduction: the objectives of this research were determination of Mean Glandular Dose in film- screen and digital mammography examinations, estimation of accumulated effective dose in some of mammography centers in Tehran city and estimating cancer risk due to these examinations. Materials and Methods: the clinical data were collected from the 1318 <...