Surveys were carried out to determine species composition and host range of powdery mildews (Erysiphaceae) in Gilan province, Iran. Twenty seven taxa were identified. Among them Erysiphe circaeae, E. punicae, E. urticae, Microsphaera erlangshanensis, M. multappendicis, M. trifolii and Podosphaera clandestine/ var. cydonia are new to Iran. Parietaria officinalis and Phuopsis stylosa are new host...

Adaptive differences among species are often thought to result from developmentally constant trait differences that enhance fitness in alternative environments. Species differences in patterns of individual phenotypic plasticity can also have ecological consequences. Indeed, functionally related constant and plastic traits may interact to determine the phenotype’s adaptive value in particular c...

In this study, the relationship among four species of Polygonum (including P. hyrcanicum (three samples), P. persicaria, P. avicular, and P. hydropiper) was investigated by GC profiling. Furthermore, the major compounds of the ethylic ether extract of P. hyrcanicum were identified by GC/MS as: -bisabolol (17.5%), cedrol (15.9%), sesquisabinene hydrate (13.0%), -elemol (10.5%) and trans-longipin...

Pond populations in Cape Cod described as Persicaria puritanorum (≡ Polygonum puritanorum) have been treated by recent authors as a synonym of P. maculosa (≡ Polygonum persicaria) based on gross morphology. However, consistent differences in leaf and inflorescence features raise the question as to whether this is an extreme phenotype of P. maculosa, an ecotype of that species, or a distinct tax...

Aphids are the most common vector of plant viruses, and their feeding behavior is an important determinant of virus transmission. Positive effects of global change on aphid performance have been documented, but effects on aphid behavior are not known. We assessed the plant-mediated behavioral responses of a generalist aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), to increased CO2 and n...

In the current study, the entomotoxic effects of a lectin, extracted from Polygonum persicaria, were determined on Pieris brassicae larvae. The purified molecule significantly decreased larval survival, weight, and mass protein. Different concentrations of P. persicaria agglutinin (PPA) (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml) significantly decreased nutritional indices including: the efficiency of conversion of i...

Chloroplasts isolated from powdery mildew-infected (Erysiphe polygoni DC) sugar beet leaves (Beta vulgaris L) showed a reduction in the rate of electron transport and in the accompanying ATP formation in noncyclic photophosphorylation (water as electron donor, NADP as electron acceptor) and little or no change in the rate of ATP formation in cyclic photophosphorylation catalyzed by phenazine me...