Through the lens of Heidegger’s analysis of equipment, this study observes ‘software reuse’ – a popular phenomenon in the world. It presents an alternative conceptual view of the software artefact as ‘equipment’. This view provides a theoretical underpinning to this prominent practice to recognize software artefacts, as equipment. Employing the case study method, this study reports preliminary ...

background: today, in many countries, wastewater treatment plants effluent is an important part of the renewable water resources. in this case, the effluent quality standards are developed and used is important. the aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of wastewater plants effluent restricted irrigation. methods: in this descriptive - analytical study, samples was collected fr...

Understanding flows of resource-rich electrical and electronic equipment throughout its life cycle is increasingly important in the development global circular economies, reflected by heavy legislative focuses on waste prevention resource use efficiency. This research facilitates broader material flow analysis characterizing professional IT within Republic Ireland, emphasizing legal exports for...

One key strategy which can be used to promote a Circular Economy is ‘reuse’. This particularly relevant for Electrical and Electronic Equipment due its often rather short use phase as well resource-intensive production phase. The present study aimed investigate the environmental economic relevance of promoting reuse (waste) electrical electronic equipment in Switzerland. To do so, simplified li...

Two 60 Narrow-Beam Trisector Cell (NBTC) frequency reuse plans, 1x(3+1) and 2x(3+1), that employ Channel Alternation and Rotation (CAR) scheme are presented. In CAR, each cell type is allocated one extra channel set that allows network designer to rotate and alternate channels according to nearest front lobe interference avoidant strategy to enhance co-channel interference ratio (C/I) and allow...

We specify a controller for a steam boiler starting from an informal descriptions of its requirements. The specification is formalized in the temporal logic TRIO and its objectoriented extension TRIO+. To obtain a maximum of abstraction and reuse we make the specification parametric with respect to all equipment and hardware features, and we avoid to impose any particular strategy in the manage...

The AEFTA (Application Enabler Technology for Factory Automation) experiment, which involves Digital Equipment Corporation, Politecnico di Torino and SYCO, with staff of seven, develops a factory automation product using BASEstar Open (1990) and object technology, notably OMT (Rumbaugh et al. 1991), G++ (Menga et al. 1993) and C++. The goal of the application experiment is to verify if object o...

Conventional wisdom holds that remanufacturing is always the most environmentally-sustainable end-of-life treatment for toner and inkjet cartridges. However, life cycle assessments of non-Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) remanufactured print cartridges show that issues with print quality, reliability, and end-of-life management practices offset the benefits accrued through reuse. Therefore...