An electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) with a palm-size chamber including the electron source and the sample stage was developed using a pyroelectric crystal. Energy of obtained continuous X-rays and lower limits of detection of transition metals (titanium, iron, and nickel) were evaluated. End point energy (Duane-Hunt limit) of obtained continuous X-rays was about 40 keV, but the palm-size EPM...

The capacity fade of Sony 18650S Li-ion cells has been analyzed using cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy and electron Ž . Ž . Ž . probe microscopic analysis EPMA . The surface resistance at both the positive LiCoO and negative carbon electrodes were found to 2 increase with cycling. This increase in resistance contributes to decreased capacity. Impedance data reveal that the interfacial...

Unquestionably, since their introduction one decade ago, field emission (FE) electron microprobes have pushed the boundaries of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) by offering new possibilities to characterize smaller features. As with conventional microprobes, the proper selection of the analytical conditions (beam energy, beam current, acquisition time, x-ray line) is essential to obtain an a...