Absolutism about mass within Newtonian gravity claims that ratios obtain in virtue of absolute masses. Comparativism denies this. Defenders comparativism promise to recover all the empirical and theoretical virtues absolutism, but at a lower ‘metaphysical cost’. This article develops Machian form gravity, obtained by replacing Newton’s constant law universal gravitation another divided sum over...

Some have argued that the possibility of faultless disagreement gives relativist semantic theories an important explanatory advantage over their absolutist and contextualist rivals. Here I combat this argument, focusing on the specific case of aesthetic discourse. My argument has two stages. First, I argue that while relativists may be able to account for the possibility of faultless aesthetic ...

Fair trade is a means of governing South-North supply chains to increase the benefits of international trade integration for poor southern producers of agricultural and handicraft goods. Although the approach itself is arguably innovative in comparison with commercially orientated supply chains, many consider that its formalisation within third-party, Fairtrade International certification, has ...

Abstract Reading fiction has been associated with improved social and imaginative reasoning that could lead to critical thinking. This observational study investigated the relationship between nonfiction exposure, narrative transportation, factors of thinking (critical disposition, epistemological orientation). Self-selecting participants ( N = 335) completed an online survey including author r...

We briefly give an overview of Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL), mainly in semantic terms. We focus on the simplest of epistemic actions in DEL, called public announcements. We also sketch the effect of more complex epistemic actions, and briefly show how als factual change can be modelled in the same framework. We then apply the logic of public announcements in DEL to the analysis of a knowledge ...

We examine the paradox of the surprise examination using dynamic epistemic logic. This logic contains means of expressing epistemic facts as well as the effects of learning new facts, and is therefore a natural framework for representing the puzzle. We discuss a number of different interpretations of the puzzle in this context, and show how the failure of principle of success, that states that ...