Oligosaccharide Mass Profiling (OLIMP) allows a fast and sensitive assessment of cell wall polymer structure when coupled with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The short time required for sample preparation and analysis makes possible the study of a wide range of plant organs, revealing a high degree of heterogeneity in the substitutio...

The acylglucosylceramides of pig epidermis comprise 56% of the total glucosylceramides and 3.3% of the total epidermal lipid by weight. Contrary to an earlier report on this lipid, the amide-linked fatty acid is not a dihydroxypentatriacontadienoic acid; rather, the fatty acids are a series of long chain omega-hydroxy acids consisting of 58% saturates, 35% monoenes, and 7% dienes, with predomin...

The mammalian skin epidermis is a stratified epithelium composed of multiple layers of epithelial cells that exist in appropriate sizes and proportions, and with distinct boundaries separating each other. How the epidermis develops from a single layer of committed precursor cells to form a complex multilayered structure of multiple cell types remains elusive. Here, we construct stochastic, thre...

The skin is a protective cover that participates in the homeostatic regulation of internal fluids by preventing the passage of water, electrolytes and proteins into the external environment. The functional integrity of the skin is maintained through the interaction of the epidermis with the dermis. The epidermis is a tissue arranged in cellular layers. Those epidermal cells in direct opposition...

Six series of glucosylceramides from pig epidermis have been identified, and their structures have been determined. The structural types identified are: 1, N-acylglucosylsphingosines (33%); 2, N-acylglucosylphytosphingosines (13%); 3, N-(omega-hydroxyacyl)-glucosylsphingosines (3%); 4, N-(alpha-hydroxyacyl)-glucosylphingosines (15%); 5, N-(alpha-hydroxyacyl)-glucosylsphingosines (16%); 6, N-(al...

The aim of present study was to understand how the ultrastructure leaf mesophyll cells in Brassica can be altered under elevated CO2 by interactive effect on anatomy and ultra structure species moisture stress conditions. Results experiment revealed that crop genotypes differ greatly response Elevated brought about an increase cell chloroplast expansion genotypes. also increased thickness epide...

Langerhans cells (LCs), residing in the epidermis, are able to induce potent immunogenic responses and also mediate immune tolerance. We propose that tolerogenic of LCs directed by signaling from epidermis involve counter-acting gene circuits coupled a core maturation module. base our analysis on recent genetic genomic findings facilitating understanding molecular mechanisms controlling these d...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of protein malnutrition on the skin epidermis of mice. A low protein diet induced thinning of the skin epidermis, a decrease of cell proliferative activity in epidermal cells and a decrease of stratum corneum hydration. Dityrosine was immunostained in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells in the low protein diet group. Plasma advanced oxidation pr...

Skin is a complex organ tasked with, among other functions, protecting the body from the outside world. Its outermost protective layer, the epidermis, is comprised of multiple cell layers that are derived from a single-layered ectoderm during development. Using a new stochastic, multi-scale computational modelling framework, the anisotropic subcellular element method, we investigate the role of...

The epidermis is an integral part of our largest organ, the skin, and protects us against the hostile environment. It is a highly dynamic tissue that, during normal steady-state conditions, undergoes constant turnover. Multiple stem cell populations residing in autonomously maintained compartments facilitate this task. In this Review, we discuss stem cell behaviour during normal tissue homeosta...