EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; EGFR M+: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activating Mutation Positive; EMA: European Medicines Agency; ICER: Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio; HTA: Health Technology Assessment; NCPE: National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics; NICE: National Institute of Health and Care Excellence; NSCLC: Non Small Cell Lung Cancer; OS: Overall Survival; PEA: Pharmaco-Ec...

The relationship between drug resistance, changes in signaling, and emergence of an invasive phenotype is well appreciated, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Using machine learning analysis applied to the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database, we identified expression of AXL, the gene that encodes the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated receptor tyrosine ...

Introduction: Growth, proliferation, survival, and differentiation are the prominent characteristics of cells, which are affected by cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in the effective control of these features. Given the significance of EGFR signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), EGFR expression is influential on these cell characteristics. I...

Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With the discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, and effective targeted therapies, therapeutic options are expanding for patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we review novel therapies in non-squamous NSCLC, which are directed against ...

CR: complete response EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor EGFRi: epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors mTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin SCCS: squamous cell cancers of skin INTRODUCTION Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRi) are a class of targeted antineoplastics used for the palliative treatment of aggressive squamous cell cancers of skin (SCCS). Most reports describ...

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates normal growth and differentiation, but dysregulation of the receptor or one of the EGFR ligands is involved in the pathogenesis of many cancers. There are eight ligands for EGFR, however most of the research into trafficking of the receptor after ligand activation focuses on the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth...

context triple negative breast cancer (tnbc) is a heterogeneous group of diseases that is negative for esterogen receptor (er) progesteron receptor (pr) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2). this type of breast cancer is typically high-grade carcinomas, although low-grade tumors occur. the aim of this review is to focus on molecular classification and features, prognostic markers...

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. Although the majority of EOC patients achieve clinical remission after induction therapy, over 80% relapse and succumb to the chemoresistant disease. Previous investigations have demonstrated the association of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with resistance to cytotoxic chemotherap...

Members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family—epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, HER1), HER2, HER3, and HER4—are transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors that are important mediators of cell growth, development, and survival. Activation of the HER tyrosine kinases triggers intracellular signaling pathways, including the MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways (Olayioye et al., 2000)...

Amphiregulin (AR) and epidermal growth factor effects on expression and activity of the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) were examined in NS2T2A1 breast tumor cells. Both growth factors induced mRNA and protein expression of EMMPRIN, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2 and -9 enzymatic activity. The induction of EMMPRIN by AR was mediated by epidermal growth factor rec...