The growing body of clinical and experimental data regarding electromagnetic field (EMF) bioeffects and their therapeutic applications has contributed to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action. This study reports that two EMF modalities currently in clinical use, a pulse-modulated radiofrequency (PRF) signal, and a static magnetic field (SMF), applied independently, incre...

INTRODUCTION Discrepancies of 5-24% between superior vena cava oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) have been reported in patients with severe heart failure. Thenar muscle tissue oxygenation (StO2) measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during arterial occlusion testing decreases slower in sepsis/septic shock patients (lower StO2 deoxygenation rate). The ...

The 2,3,6-trideoxysugar l-epivancosamine is the terminal sugar added to the aglycone scaffold in chloroeremomycin, a member of the vancomycin family of glycopeptide antibiotics. Five proteins from the chloroeremomycin biosynthetic cluster, ORF14 and ORF23 to ORF26, have been expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity, and each has been characterized for an enz...

A highly efficient, two-step sequence method for the deoxygenation of hydroxyl groups has been developed. The method involves the preparation of the 2-(2-iodophenyl)ethyl methyl phosphite derivative of an alcohol using methyl dichlorophosphite and 2-(2-iodophenyl)ethanol. Treatment of the phosphite intermediate with (n-Bu)3SnH/AIBN in refluxing benzene cleanly produces the deoxygenation product...

BACKGROUND: This study examined muscle deoxygenation trends before and after a 7-day taper using non-invasive near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). METHODS: Eleven cyclists performed an incremental cycle ergometer test to determine maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max = 4.68 +/- 0.57 L.min-1) prior to the study, and then completed two or three high intensity (85-90% VO2max) taper protocols after bei...

A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) can provide objective measures of exercise capacity. Specifically, incremental ramp exercise (IRE) and constant work-rate exercise (CWE) protocols are frequently used in clinical practice and for research. The CWE endurance time has shown larger increases than other indexes assessed by IRE after rehabilitation intervention. Muscle oxygen extraction is one o...

The concurrent effects of two enzyme inhibitors have been analysed previously with the Yonetani-Theorell plot to obtain insight into the interactions between bound inhibitors. This procedure, like many other traditional graphical methods in enzymology, is based on the estimation of intersecting tendencies in a family of lines. In a recent paper from this laboratory [Chan (1995) Biochem. J. 311,...

The halogenases are a group of enzymes that have only come to the fore over the last 10 years thanks to the discovery and characterization of several novel representatives. They have revealed the fascinating variety of distinct chemical mechanisms that nature utilizes to activate halogens and introduce them into organic substrates. Computational studies using a range of approaches have already ...

Now, more than ever, enzymology and its development can be considered of vital importance to the progression of the biological sciences. With an increase in the numbers of enzymes being identified from genomic studies, enzymology is key to defining the structural and functional properties of these enzymes in order to establish their mechanisms of action and how they fit into metabolic networks....

Transfusion of banked red blood cells (RBCs) has been associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes. Storage-induced alterations in RBC glycolytic flux, attenuated ATP export, and microvascular adhesion of transfused RBCs in vivo could contribute, but the underlying mechanisms have not been tested. We tested the novel hypothesis that improving deoxygenation-induced metabolic flux and the associa...