Hazardous waste management incorporates collection, separation, treatment, recycling and disposal of hazardous wastes. In this paper, a new multi-objective mixed integer model is presented for hazardous waste collection problem. The model aims to minimize transportation and construction costs, and environmental and population risks in hazardous waste management systems. This model is applied in...

This article develops a framework for environmental policy analysis based on an encompassing assessment of transaction costs. This approach emphasizes the ex ante costs of establishing environmental entitlements, and the ex post costs of administrating, monitoring, and enforcing them. The framework is used to organize a literature review which addresses policy design and instrument choice, as w...

C ost is an inevitable, but often overlooked and uncounted, consequence of environmental contamination. Any degradation of the environment, whether it is contamination of air or water, pollution of landfills by toxic waste or exposure of children to hazardous chemicals, carries costs. Among these costs are: 1) direct medical expenses for persons made ill by toxic exposures; 2) indirect health-r...

The rapidly growing world population and rising consumption of biofuels intensify demands for both food and biofuels. This exaggerates food and fuel shortages. The use of food crops such as corn grain to produce ethanol raises major nutritional and ethical concerns. Nearly 60% of humans in the world are currently malnourished, so the need for grains and other basic foods is critical. Growing cr...

Decisions concerning environmental protection hinge on estimates of economic burden. Over the past 30 years, economists have developed and applied various tools to measure this burden. In this paper, developed as a chapter for the Handbook of Environmental Economics, we present a taxonomy of costs along with methods for measuring those costs. At the broadest level, we distinguish between partia...