Background: Saliva of blood-sucking arthropods contains a cocktail of antihemostatic agents and immunomodulators that help blood feeding. Mosquitoes additionally feed on sugar meals and have specialized regions of their glands containing glycosidases and antimicrobials that might help control bacterial growth in the ingested meals. To expand our knowledge on the salivary cocktail of Ædes ægypti...

Contrary to conventional wisdom, environmental scarcity is not always a trigger of political violence. In fact, political violence may be more prevalent in times of environmental abundance, when there are more resources and opportunities for violent tactics—and more incentive to engage in such actions. Much of the research on climate change and conflict has focused on Africa. However, the clima...

Abstract This chapter aims to explore the development of this movement in Sweden 1980s, i.e. that “middle-earth” between formative period a renewed environmental (1960s–1970s) and completion its institutionalization at global level 1990s. Theories political opportunities structure have overlooked relation arena complex galaxy groups was far from being uncomplicated. The focuses precisely on mul...

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that climate change will induce considerable environmental degradation globally during this century. What are the implications of this prediction for the patterns of population migration and political conflict? Climate change is an evolving environmental phenomenon whose effects are not yet fully manifested. This paper strives to gain insig...

Much of the debate over the security implications of climate change revolves around whether changing weather patterns will lead to future conflict. This article addresses whether deviations from normal rainfall patterns affect the propensity for individuals and groups to engage in disruptive activities such as demonstrations, riots, strikes, communal conflict, and anti-government violence. In c...

Established in 1987, the Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy at the University of Arizona in Tucson specializes in several important program areas relating to the environment and public health, including environmental conflict resolution, environmental policy in the Southwest, the U.S.-Mexican border environment, and American Indian policy. To promote its mission in these areas, the Udall...

The conflict between economic growth and biodiversity conservation is understood in portions of academia and sometimes acknowledged in political circles. Nevertheless, there is not a unified response. In political and policy circles, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is posited to solve the conflict between economic growth and environmental protection. In academia, however, the EKC has been...