Optically-thick envelopes may form following the tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole. Such envelopes would reprocess hard radiation from accretion close to the black hole into the UV and optical bands producing AGN-luminosity flares with duration ∼ 1 year. We show that due to relativistic effects, the envelopes are convective. If convection is efficient, then the structure of the...

Interval models may be used in many cases to express the imprecision and the uncertainty related to complex systems. The envelopes may be used to represent the results of the simulation of these models. One of the applications of the envelopes is as reference behaviour for Fault Detection (FD) based on analytical redundancy. In this case, the properties of the envelopes (completeness, soundness...

Natural sensory stimuli have a rich spatiotemporal structure and can often be characterized as a high frequency signal that is independently modulated at lower frequencies. This lower frequency modulation is known as the envelope. Envelopes are commonly found in a variety of sensory signals, such as contrast modulations of visual stimuli and amplitude modulations of auditory stimuli. While psyc...

In this paper, we present a spectro-temporal feature extraction technique using sub-band Hilbert envelopes of relatively long segments of speech signal. Hilbert envelopes of the sub-bands are estimated using Frequency Domain Linear Prediction (FDLP). Spectral features are derived by integrating the sub-band Hilbert envelopes in short-term frames and the temporal features are formed by convertin...

Nuclei of frog oocytes were isolated, fixed in OsO(4) or KMnO(4), and washed. Nuclear envelopes were then dissected off, placed on grids, and air-dried for electron microscopy. Envelopes from immature oocytes at the stage of beginning yolk deposition were compared with those from mature oocytes. Envelopes from the immature stage had "pores" whose annuli contained more material and showed centra...

Energy crisis, global warming and other environmental issues are what motivate researchers to find new strategies to reduce energy consumption in buildings. Recently, using phase change materials (PCM) in the building’s envelopes has drawn significant attention as an energy-saving method, which helps in increasing the building’s thermal capacity. In the present research, the effects of the ...

We present an iterative method for constructing additive envelopes of continuous functions on a compact set, with contact at a prespecified point. For elements of a class of submodular functions we provide closed-form expressions for such additive envelopes.

Optimal conditions for the isolation of nuclear envelopes by the action of heparin on nuclei are established and a morphological and biochemical study of such isolated envelopes is presented. An almost 100% yield of pure nuclear envelopes can be obtained by a single sedimentation step after incubation of nuclei with heparin for 40 min at 4 degrees C. The nuclear membrane pellet obtained in this...

Daniel Berleant and Jianzhong Zhang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2215 Coover Hall Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011 [email protected] Abstract Distribution Envelope Determination (DEnv) is a method for computing the CDFs of random variables whose samples are a function of samples of other random variable(s), termed inputs. DEnv computes envelopes around these CDFs w...

Aims. We report the results of an exploratory program to image the extended circumstellar envelopes of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in dust-scattered galactic light. The goal is to characterize the morphology of the envelopes as a probe of the mass-loss process. Methods. The observations consist of short exposures with the VLT and longer exposures with 1–2 m telescopes, augmented with ar...