Background: In order to manage the patient exposure dose in X-ray diagnosis, it is preferred to evaluate the entrance skin dose; although there are some evaluations about entrance skin dose, a small number of report has been published for direct measurement of patient. We think that a small-type optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter, named nanoDot, can achieve a direct measurement. ...

There are case reports of injuries caused by the radiation from interventional radiology (IVR) X-ray systems. Therefore, the management of radiation doses in IVR is important. However, no detailed report has evaluated image quality for a large number of IVR X-ray systems. As a result, it is unclear whether the image quality of the X-ray equipment currently used in IVR procedures is optimal. We ...

9.1 Background to Proton Therapy The use of proton beams for radiation treatment was proposed by Robert R. Wilson in 1946 [286]. Wilson referred to the ballistical aspects of the proton beam dose distribution as a rationale for the new modality. Heavy charged particles such as protons produce an energy deposition profile in tissue which is superior to profiles attainable using photon or electro...

PURPOSE To evaluate stochastic and deterministic risks associated with neurointerventional procedures for the patient. METHODS Eight neurovascular interventional procedures were evaluated to determine the entrance skin dose and effective dose for the patient. Dosimetry was done with thermoluminescence dosimeters. The highest dose on the patient's head was recorded as the maximum entrance skin...

BACKGROUND Radiographic technology plays an integral role in interventional cardiology. The number of interventions continues to increase, and the associated radiation exposure to patients and personnel is of major concern. This study was undertaken to determine whether a newly developed x-ray tube deploying grid-switched pulsed fluoroscopy and extra beam filtering can achieve a reduction in ra...

sedimentation is one of the most important problems in harbors that results in considerable economic costs. harbor planforms affects the flow pattern in the harbor basin and consequently, plays an important role in sediment transport and sedimentation. in the present study, a two dimensional depth-averaged hydrodynamic and sediment transport model has been developed to investigate the effect of...

Over the past hundred years or so, X-rays have been used for diagnostic purposes. The use of X-rays for imaging purposes, however, exposes patients to ionizing radiation. The increasing use of X-ray in hospitals has made medical exposure an important source of radiation in the population collective dose (1, 2). Ionizing radiation has the ability to break apart biologically important molecules s...

BACKGROUND Radiographically guided investigations may be associated with excessive radiation exposure, which may cause skin injuries. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a system that measures in real time the dose applied to each 1-cm(2) area of skin, taking into account the movement of the x-ray source and changes in the beam characteristics. The goal of such a system is to help...

background: dose assessment using proper dosimeters is especially important in radiation protection optimization and imaging justification in diagnostic radiology. objective: the aim of this study is to obtain the entrance skin dose (esd) of patients undergoing lumbar spine imaging using two thermoluminescence dosimeters tld-100 (lif: mg, ti) and gr-200 (lif: mg, cu, p) and also to obtain the a...