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Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important causes of endstage renal disease that requires renal replacement therapy and accounts for more than 40% of the new cases in Japan and Western countries [1]. In particular, the prevalence of type 2 diabetic nephropathy in end-stage renal failure has rapidly increased [2]. Patients with type 2 diabetes are also known to have non-diabetic glomerula...

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) are the most preferred and promoted form of dialysis access due to their lowest complication rates. However, the changing demographic profile of endstage renal disease (ESRD) with an increasing elderly and diabetic population having relatively poor vasculature, relative lack of prudent pre-ESRD planning for AV fistula creation, late referrals, and comparatively lowe...

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising globally, and is attributed to the epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus [1]. This trend in developing countries appears to be due to chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetes, both contributing significantly to increasing endstage renal disease [2]. In Sri Lanka, a systematic assessment on CKD is lacking, although the available literature p...