This article describes the key trends in development of endowments as institutional investors using example US educational 1990-2020. The paper also gives an overview world structure assets by regions and sectors. Although much research has been done on investment behaviour return endowments, there are not so many works analysing long-term endowments. study uses methods systemic comparative ana...

The waqf-based Crowdfunding model (WCF-M) is an online pool of funds for social, altruistic, and charitable purposes. WCF-M's campaigns practices benefit the community, endowment foundations, donors. This conceptual research seeks to review literature on WCF-M in context adoption Kuwait. It has also proposed innovative incorporating religiosity as essential determinant Unified Theory Acceptance...

The static trade-off and pecking order capital structure theories are analyzed and applied to nonprofit organizations. In addition, this paper also considers how nonprofits adjust their leverage over time. The analyses consider the unique role of donor-restricted endowments in the decision to borrow, as well as different types of borrowing by nonprofits. The results indicate that nonprofit capi...

Operating reserves allow nonprofit organizations to smooth out imbalances between revenues and expenses, helping to maintain program output in the presence of fiscal shocks. We know surprisingly little about why nonprofits might save operating reserves and what factors explain variation between organizations’ savings behavior. Findings suggest that operating reserves are reduced in the presence...

International Integration, Risk and the Welfare State How does international integration affect the welfare state? Does it call for a leaner or an expanded welfare state? International integration may affect the distortions caused by welfare state activities but also the risks motivating social insurance mechanisms. This paper addresses these potentially counteracting effects in a fully specifi...

We study the allocation of investment projects by municipal governments across groups of voters using data from a scal stimulus program carried out in Spain between 2009 and 2011. This program provided municipalities with a large endowment to spend in public investments and required the geocoding of each individual project. Combining these data with disaggregated election information at the cen...

The John Mitchell Crouch Fellowship is a generous endowment made to the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) by the young neurosurgeon's family, following his death from a brain tumour. In this article, we examine the significance and legacy of the grant since its inception in 1979. This is the highest level of research fellowship awarded by the RACS recognizing early career excellence...

We evaluate the performance of limited partners’ (LPs) private equity investments over time. Using a sample of 14,380 investments by 1,852 LPs in 1,250 buyout and venture funds started between 1991 and 2006, we find that the superior performance of endowment investors in the 1991-1998 period, documented in prior literature, is mostly due to their greater access to the top-performing venture cap...