In this mini review, we aim to evaluate the structure and function of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) with respect to the benefit they may have for humans or the damage they may cause. Emphasis is laid on their putative roles, if any, in pregnancy, in gene regulation and in cancer. As a basis for this discussion it will first be necessary to briefly describe the structure and function of ...

Transgenic pigs have been engineered to express human CD59 (hCD59) in order to suppress hyperacute rejection of xenotransplants in human recipients. In this study, porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) was produced in a porcine cell line expressing hCD59 in order to examine the effect of this complement control protein on PERV neutralization by human sera. hCD59 was found to be incorporated into...

The risk of transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) is one of the major safety issues in xenotransplantation. Human tetherin, recently described as an antiviral protein able to inhibit the release of enveloped viruses, and its porcine homologue were shown to inhibit PERV release from producer cells, establishing themselves as candidate molecules to suppress PERV production in porci...

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient germ line infections that now make up a substantial fraction of the human genome. While most HERVs are inactive, there is a growing body of evidence that implicates some members of the HERV-K family of elements as being transpositionally active. Here we report the results of a phylogenetic survey of HERV-K LTR sequences. We have eluc...

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) sequences account for about 8% of the human genome. Through comparative genomics and literature mining, we identified a total of 29 human-specific HERV-K insertions. We characterized them focusing on their structure and flanking sequence. The results showed that four of the human-specific HERV-K insertions deleted human genomic sequences via non-classical in...

Recently, we found that several commercial pet vaccines were contaminated with an infectious endogenous retrovirus, RD-114-related virus. Here, we determined the entire nucleotide sequences of RD-114-related viruses isolated from CRFK cells and a vaccine manufactured using CRFK cells. These RD-114-related viruses were nearly identical to the authentic RD-114 virus.

Today, most of the big cities or metropolises around the world have been encountering with the problem of informal habitation. The present study, thus, tries to focus on the role of endogenous development in such type of habitation process. For that matter, the paper takes into account architectural programming and urbanism as its theoretical framework because the endogenous development is rela...

Endogenous retroviruses (ERV), or the remnants of past retroviral infections that are no longer active, are found in the genomes of most vertebrates, typically constituting approximately 10% of the genome. In some vertebrates, particularly in shorter-lived species like rodents, it is not unusual to find active endogenous retroviruses. In longer-lived species, including humans where substantial ...

C3MR, MFC, and DMR processes in an integrated LNG-NGL-NRU structure are investigated using the conventional and advanced exergy and exergoeconomic analyses. The results of advanced exergy analysis reveal that in most of the equipment, the highest amount of irreversibility is occurred because of endogenous exergy destruction. In C3MR process, compressor C5 with 9730 kW; in MFC process, compresso...

purpose: to report a case of endogenous klebsiella endophthalmitis associated with liver abscess in iran. case report: a 79 year old man was referred with chief complaint of left eye pain and visual loss. the patient had conjunctival hyperemia, corneal edema, hypopyon and severe vitreous cellular reaction in the left eye and yellowish conjunctival discoloration which was apparent in the right e...