SYNOPSIS Internal combustion engines are being required to comply with increasingly stringent government exhaust emissions regulations. Compression ignition piston engines will continue to be used in cost-sensitive fuel applications such as in heavy-duty buses and trucks, power generation, locomotives, and off-highway applications, and will find application in hybrid electric vehicles. Close co...

The non-linear chemistry, responsible for ozone formation poses problems in developing an optimized abatement strategy. Estimates of emissions are often quite uncertain, e.g. in estimates of biogenic emissions and car emissions. Effective abatement should be based on a careful evaluation of local conditions regarding oxidant formation. Some control strategies are effective in one place, but not...

China continues its strategy of total emissions control (TEC) or total load control for SO2 in the Tenth Five Years (2001~2005). This paper will analyze the status of SO2 TEC in China during the Ninth Five-Years (1996~2000). Based on the results of the analysis and the theory of divisional air resources, this paper will study the target of total SO2 emissions nationwide and its allocation for d...

In this study, WRF-Chem is utilized at high resolution (1.333 km grid spacing for the innermost domain) to investigate impacts of southern California anthropogenic emissions (SoCal) on Phoenix ground-level ozone concentrations ([O3]) for a pair of recent exceedance episodes. First, WRFChem control simulations, based on the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2005 National Emissions Invento...

PURPOSE To analyze the otoacoustic emissions (OAE) of the newborn hearing screening of infants born to HIV-seropositive mothers. METHODS It was carried out the Transient-Evoked OAE and the research of cochleopalpebral reflex in 247 full-term newborns with no risk factors for hearing. The Control Group (CG) comprised 167 infants, and the Research Group (RG), 80 infants that had been exposed to...

The ability of ultrasonically-induced oscillations of circulating microbubbles to permeabilize vascular barriers such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) holds great promise for noninvasive targeted drug delivery. A major issue has been a lack of control over the procedure to ensure both safe and effective treatment. Here, we evaluated the use of passively-recorded acoustic emissions as a means to...

Defining key parameters for a charge sustaining supervisory (torque split) control strategy as well as an engine and catalyst warm-up strategy for a Split Parallel Architecture Extended-Range Electric Vehicle (SPA E-REV) is accomplished through empirically and experimentally measuring vehicle tailpipe emissions and energy consumption for two distinct control strategies. The results of the exper...