Host immune and physical barriers protect against pathogens but also impede the establishment of essential symbiotic partnerships. To reveal mechanisms by which beneficial organisms adapt to circumvent host defenses, we experimentally evolved ecologically distinct bioluminescent Vibrio fischeri by colonization and growth within the light organs of the squid Euprymna scolopes. Serial squid passa...

Collaboration in the digital domain offers an opportunity to provide enhanced digital services and extended reach to the community. This article adopts a serviceoriented perspective through which it considers environmental drivers for digital library collaboration; discusses emergent collaborative partnerships across UK educational institutions, social services, health services, private industr...

Healthy ocean ecosystems are needed to sustain people and livelihoods and to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Using the ocean sustainably requires overcoming many formidable challenges: overfishing, climate change, ocean acidification, and pollution. Despite gloomy forecasts, there is reason for hope. New tools, practices, and partnerships are beginning to transform loc...

the main purpose of this research is to describe emergent approach of grounded theory methodology and then compare it with systematic approach. to do so, after describing emergent approach, it compare it with systematic one surrounding 5 axis: coding processes; sampling processes; paradigms; literature review and rigor considerations. the findings show that emergent approach in comparison with ...

BACKGROUND Patient engagement in research (PEIR) is promoted to improve the relevance and quality of health research, but has little conceptualization derived from empirical data. OBJECTIVE To address this issue, we sought to develop an empirically based conceptual framework for meaningful PEIR founded on a patient perspective. METHODS We conducted a qualitative secondary analysis of in-dep...

â â â  â â  the paper uses economic and energy data analysis and econometric modeling to study the prospects and challenges of korea’s 2003 fta roadmap (mofat 2013) in the form of potential comprehensive partnerships with its major trade and energy partners. it first reviews korea’s international economic and trade relations in recent years with a focus on its major merchandise export desti...

The greening of economic and industrial activities requires that new relationships be formed between private actors who often never met before on the business or policy arenas. To initiate and give direction to the sustainability transition, public actors may choose to become involved in partnerships for policy implementation, next to industrial prime movers. After having catalyzed the process,...

BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk is determined both by partner numbers and partnership characteristics. Studies describing only recent partnership(s) overestimate long-term partnerships and underestimate the contribution of casual partnerships to STI transmission in populations. We describe all heterosexual partnerships in the past year in terms of partnership type, age and ...

epistemologically speaking, second language acquisition research (slar) might be reconsidered from a complex dynamical system view with interconnected aspects in the ecosystem of language acquisition. the present paper attempts to introduce the tenets of complex system theory and its application in slar. it has been suggested that the present dominant traditions in language acquisition research...