background: human embryonic stem cells (hesc), which are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocysts, have been considered to be pluripotent cells. in this study we examine the differentiating potential of hesc into hepatocytes by characterization of the expression of endoderm and liver-specific genes. methods: hesc were cultivated in suspension to form aggregates, the embryoid bodies. ...

objective(s): sertoli cells support in vivo germ cell production; but, its exact mechanism has not been well understood. the present study was designed to analyze the effect of sertoli cells in differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mescs) to germ cells.   materials and methods: a fusion construct composed of a stra8 gene promoter and the coding region of enhanced green fluorescence pro...

background: the failure of regeneration after spinal cord injury (sci) has been attributed to axonal demyelination and neuronal death. cellular replacement and white matter regeneration are both necessary for sci repair. in this study, we evaluated the co-transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (oec) and embryonic stem (es) cell-derived motor neurons (esmn) on contused sci. methods: oec ...

introduction: considering the importance of co-culture in differentiation of embryonic stem cells, the aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of co-culturing fetal liver stroma cells with p19 cells on the line of differentiation. materials and methods: for this purpose, p19 cells were cultured directly in semisolid medium. these cells proliferated and primarily differentiated to colonie...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Adult neural stem cells and neurogenesis 3.1. Hippocampal stem cells 3.2. Subventricular zone (SVZ) and olfactory bulb stem cells 3.3. Progenitors derived from non-neurogenic regions 3.4. Adult neural stem cell engraftment in vivo 3.4.1. Hippocampal derived neural stem cells 3.4.2. SVZ derived neural stem cells 3.4.3. Spinal cord progenitors 3.4.4. Cortical derive...

Cranial neural crest cells give rise to ectomesenchymal derivatives such as cranial bones, cartilage, smooth muscle, dentin, as well as melanocytes, corneal endothelial cells, and neurons and glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. Previous studies have suggested that although multipotent stem-like cells may exist during the course of cranial neural crest development, they are transient, ...

Spinal muscular atrophy, characterized by selective loss of lower motor neurons, is an incurable genetic neurological disease leading to infant mortality. We previously showed that primary neural stem cells derived from spinal cord can ameliorate the spinal muscular atrophy phenotype in mice, but this primary source has limited translational value. Here, we illustrate that pluripotent stem cell...

mouse embryonic stem cells (es) are pluripotent cell lines derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. their properties include self renewal and capacity to differentiate into different cell types. neural differentiation of es cells has been achieved by several different protocols such as treating with retinoic acid and serum decreasing in culture media. the ppars (peroxisome proliferat...

Human and non-human primate embryonic stem (ES) cells are invaluable resources for developmental studies, pharmaceutical research and a better understanding of human disease and replacement therapies. In 1998, subsequent to the establishment of the first monkey ES cell line in 1995, the first human ES cell line was developed. Later, three of the National Institute of Health (NIH) lines (BG01, B...