Babu ska and Yu constructed a posteriori estimates for nite element dis-cretization errors of linear elliptic problems utilizing a dichotomy principal stating that the errors of odd-order approximations arise near element edges as mesh spacing decreases while those of even-order approximations arise in element interiors. We construct similar a posteriori estimates for the spatial errors of nite...

The Escherichia coli cAMP receptor protein (CRP) activates transcription initiation at many promoters by binding upstream of core promoter elements and interacting with the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase α subunit. Previous studies have shown stringent spacing is required for transcription activation by CRP. Here we report that this stringency can be altered by the nature of different ...

We previously reported that the promoter proximal portion of the mouse renin enhancer contains a binding site for NF-Y (Ea) that overlaps with a positive regulatory element (Eb). In the context of the renin enhancer, NF-Y acts to oppose enhancer activity. We tested the hypothesis that NF-Y acts as a negative regulator by physically blocking the binding of transcription factors to element-b (Eb)...

In this letter, a uniform linear array (ULA) is proposed for line-of-sight massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO). It assumed that the number of antennas fixed. For given ULA with an arbitrary inter-element spacing, probability correlation among channel vectors two users being above threshold value derived. The spacing one which aforementioned minimized. To show effectiveness ULA, simula...

This paper presents an eecient algorithm to generate a well-shaped and a well-conformed mesh respecting to a given control spacing f(). A control spacing function is used to specify the desired element size. Here, well-shaped mesh means that the circumradius-to-shortest-edge-length ratio of the mesh is bounded from above by a constant; well-conformed means that the element size is within a cons...

MIMO is the key technology to improve spectrum efficiency in the wireless communications. However, MIMO may perform poorly as a mobile terminal with a very small antenna. This paper describes an experimental study on the performance of a compact MIMO antenna. In order to improve the performance, a cross polarized configuration was investigated as well as a co-polarized configuration. Experiment...

In this paper one optimization heuristic search technique, Hybrid Evolutionary Programming (HEP) is applied to the process of synthesizing three-ring Concentric Circular Antenna Array (CCAA) focused on maximum sidelobe-level reduction. This paper assumes non-uniform excitations and uniform spacing of excitation elements in each three-ring CCAA design. Experimental results reveal that the design...