Maitland and Boyd proposed at ICICS 2001 an offline electronic cash system based on the group signature scheme. Their scheme cannot be used to solve blackmailing and other anonymity problems such as money laundering and illegal purchases. In this paper we extend the electronic cash system of Maitland and Boyd to prevent blackmailing, money laundering and illegal purchases by using a secure coal...

T he exchange of goods conducted face-to-face between two parties dates back to before the beginning of recorded history. Eventually, as trade became more complicated and inconvenient, humans invented abstract representations of value. As time passed, representations of value became more and more abstract, progressing from barter through bank notes, payment orders, checks, credit cards, and now...

This study aims to analyze the demand for electronic money in Indonesia using ARDL model, and data used are quarterly from 2009.1 2020.4. The estimation results show there is a short-term long-term relationship. Furthermore, interest rates, prices, exchange rates significantly affect short run. In contrast, income does not have statistically significant effect on money. It necessary conduct wit...