Bead-on-plate welding of zircaloy-4 (a reactive material) plates was conducted using electron beam according to central composite design of experiments. Its predictive models were developed in the form of knowledge-based systems in both forward and reverse directions using neural networks. Input parameters considered for this welding of reactive metals were accelerating voltage, beam current an...

Cracking is a major concern in welding aluminum alloys. Although weld solidification cracks can be eliminated through addition of filler alloy, the additives modify the alloy or base-metal constituents and may not always be desirable. High-energy beam processes, such as electron-beam welding, that result in minimal heat input reduce crack sensitivity, but their high cost limits their applicatio...

The welding of shear stud connectors to structural steel in construction requires a prolonged stooped posture that exposes ironworkers to biomechanical and welding fume hazards. In this study, biomechanical and welding fume exposures during stud welding using conventional methods were compared to exposures associated with use of a prototype system that allowed participants to weld from an uprig...

Superconducting niobium cavities for application in particle accelerators are usually fabricated by standard techniques such as forming of subcomponents by deep drawing and joining by electron beam welding. Even though these techniques are being used successfully in many larger-scale accelerator projects and improvements in accelerating gradients have been achieved over the last several years, ...

This paper is concerned with the estimation of a heat source applied in the electron beam welding process by using temperature measurements in solid phase. The aim is to identify the energy distribution which is applied in the liquid and vapor zones. This identification is realized each time in a transversal plan perpendicularly to the welding axis. For this work, the goals are, first, to analy...