To investigate the electromagnetic interaction of molecules inside the nanotubes, first, the structure of nanotubes B16N16 was optimized with hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP) using the EPR-II basis set, then Cu, Cu+, Cu++ were located in nanotube and we studied the total energy, band gap energy, electrical potential, changes of band gap energy in terms of total energy and dipole moment ...

Most current methods for calculating radiative transfer treat radiance errors to the point where no one has seriously light as a scalar quantity, even though it is well known that a worried about the adequacy of the scalar approximation in proper description of light requires explicit recognition of its radiative transfer modeling. Moreover, the nature of radiative electromagnetic nature. Accor...

Effective electromagnetic properties of negative index of refraction metamaterials NIMs can be hard to measure. We show through simulations that electromagnetic fields inside a typical, physically realizable wireSRR split ring resonator NIM are more homogeneous than one might expect inside such metamaterials, and sufficiently structured to be useful for interpretation. Specifically, simulations...

Microwave waveguide measurements of negative index media (NIM) are reported. Accurate determination of the frequency variation of the complex scattering parameters yields the refractive index " ' ) ( ~ in n n + = ω for the NIM with ' n varying between -3.9 to -0.3 in the passband region of 9.7-10.5 GHz. The results show that transmission is optimized for 1 ' − ≈ n and small " n . PACS numbers: ...

A technique of determination of complex permittivity and permeability of ferrimagnetic nanopowders using S-parameter measurements in rectangular waveguide and results of its study are presented in this paper. The permittivity and permeability of the ferrimagnetic nanopowders are determined by the novel technique in which magnitudes of S-parameters are used only. Use of the technique allows to s...

The computed maximum a v a i l a b l e g a i n (MAG) and c u r r e n t g a i n (Ih211) from t h e de-embedded s-parameters show t h a t MAG i s unaffected by o p t i c a l i l l u m i n at i o n , however, Ih211 increases by more than 2 dB under o p t i c a l i l l u m i n a t i o n o f 1.5 mW. g a i n c u t o f f frequency (F t) o b t a i n e d by e x t r a p o l a t i n g t h e MAG and Ih21 I...

1) Space Research Institute, Profsoyuznaya St. 82/34, Moscow 117997, Russia, 2) Institute of Physics, Maritime University of Szczecin, Waly Chrobrego 1/.,70-500 Szczecin, Poland, 3) Institute of Radio Astronomy, 4 Krasnoznamyonnaya St., Kharkov 61002, Ukraine, 4) Optical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel 5) Ma...

Since recent X-ray observations have revealed that most clusters of galaxies are surrounded by an X-ray emitting gaseous halo, it is reasonable to expect that the Local Group of galaxies has its own X-ray halo. We show that such a halo, with temperature ∼ 1keV and column density ∼ O(10)cm, is a possible source for the excess lowenergy component in the X-ray background. The halo should also gene...

Abstract—In the present paper a simple model has been given to simulate the signal propagation through cross orthogonal coupled strip lines in multilayer PCB board. First the structure has been analyzed using a full wave software (such as microwave office) then a simple and suitable lumped equivalent circuit is proposed for the coupled cross talk region. The values of the lumped equivalent circ...

Combined differential-mode and common-mode (mixedmode) scattering parameters (s-parameters) are well adapted to accurate measurements of linear networks at RF and microwave frequencies. The relationships between standard s-parameters with two-port vector network analyzer (VNA) and mixed-mode s-parameters with four-port VNA are derived in this paper. An example differential structure was measure...