The purpose of this review is examination of the present scenario of electricity production and investigation of whether an electricity powered world is possible, indicating which primary energy forms should be preferably utilized. Currently, most of the primary energy used by mankind, including that employed to generate electricity, comes from fossil fuels, which need to be phased out because ...

The price of electricity supplied from home rooftop photo voltaic (PV) solar cells has fallen below the retail price of grid electricity in some areas. A number of residential households have an economic incentive to install rooftop PV systems and reduce their purchases of electricity from the grid. A significant portion of the costs incurred by utility companies are fixed costs which must be r...

Mitsubishi Kasei and Mitsubishi Petrochemical merged to become Mitsubishi Chemical in 1994 making it the largest chemical company in Japan. This created an opportunity for improving their production systems especially for those production sites that are physically built next to each other. Mitsubishi Yokkaichi production site is a typical example, which consisted of three production sites in th...

The decision to invest in new power plants is affected by the actions and evaluations of investors, regulators, utility managers, and power plant developers. Utility managers and power plant developers are key decision makers because it is their assessment of the market for electricity that drives the process. In regulated utility markets, regulators also play a crucial role, as their approval ...

existed electricity grids deliver produced power to the consumer passing through transmission and distribution grids. According to high losses of these grids in transmission level and inexistence of bilateral interaction for simultaneous information exchange, a concept of smart grids were made by capabilities such as consciously participation of consumers in the smart electricity grids, an amou...

fixed feed-in tariff An offer by government or a utility to purchase electricity from renewables producers at a fixed price, regardless of the producers’ costs of production. green (renewables) certificate A certificate, provided by a regulator to renewables producers for specified units of their electricity output; can be traded to other electricity producers who need it to meet their obligati...

Solar energy is clean and renewable source of energy and its decentralized property is appropriate well at the scattered state of the zones with low density of population. The cost of electricity from the solar array system is comparatively more than the electricity from the utility grid. Therefore, it make sense to operate the PV system at maximum efficiency by maximum power point tracking (MP...

This paper discusses an example of the application of a high-level modelling framework which supports both the specification and implementation of a system's conceptual design. This framework, DESIRE (framework for DEsign and Specification of Interacting REasoning components), explicitly models the knowledge, interaction, and coordination of complex tasks and reasoning capabilities in agent sys...

In current conventional utility systems, fossil fuel or nuclear power plants must back up intermittent renewable electricity generators if the utility grid is to have acceptable reliability. For low levels of intermittent power, this can be achieved without difficulty or added expense. For high levels this reliance on other generators becomes explicit and increasingly expensive, and transmissio...

Demand-side management (DSM) proved to be a conventional concept emanates from the need seen as a means of reducing peak electricity demand and in which a power utility, such as an vertically integrated utility or State Electricity Boards (SEB) manages the demand for power among its customers to meet its current and future needs, so that the utilities can adjourn building further capacity. The ...