this experiment carried out to evaluate replacing effects of oyster shell (os) with filter cake (fc) of sugar beet industry on performance and quantity and quality of egg in  laying hens .in this trial the filter cake in two physical forms of powder and pellet in  five levels of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% replaced for oyster shell. each treatment had 3 replications. the experiment lasted 3 periods...

introduction breeding quail and quail egg industrial production because of the high nutritional value of these products has been developing these years. considering the high demand and economical production, further development in the future is predicted. in order to design and effective utilization of the equipment for transportation, separation, packaging and storage, the physical and mechani...

the study was conducted to determine the effect of varying protein levels and preservation method on external egg qualities of japanese quails. a total of 180 birds were randomly allotted into three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (crd) replicated six times. a factorial arrangement of 3 × 4 × 4 which involves 3 protein levels (15, 20 and 25% crude protein), 4 storage method...

Possibilities of predicting eggshell ultrastructure from direct non-destructive and destructive measurements were examined using 120 Fayoumi eggs collected from the flock at 45 weeks of age. The non-destructive measurements included weight, length and width of the egg. The destructive measurements were breaking strength and shell thickness. The eggshell ultrastructure traits involved the total ...

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of different sources of calcium at different rates and cholecalciferol(Vitamin D3) on the performance and egg quality of Hy-line W-36 Laying hens. In this study a total of 648 hens were managed in a completely randomized design using a factorial arrangement of 3 × 3 × 2 treatments, with three calcium sources (oyster shell, OS; ground limeston...

1. The eggshell is a bioceramic material constructed of columnar calcite crystals preferentially oriented with their c-axis perpendicular to the shell surface. 2. The influence of microstructure (crystal size, shape and crystallographic orientation of crystal grains) on the mechanical properties of eggshells (shell strength) was investigated using eggs from hens of different ages. 3. There was ...

The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) containing tiny blood vessels is an alternative to large animals for studies involving angiogenesis and tissue engineering. However, there is no technique to design the direction of growing blood vessels on the CAM at the microscale level for tissue engineering experiments. Here, a methodology is provided to direct blood vessel formation on the surface of a th...