background: the importance of this research was to determine the prevalence of efflux pump genes among acinetobacter baumannii isolates from hospitalized patients in imam reza hospital in tabriz, iran. materials and methods: this descriptive study was conducted in the imam reza hospital, tabriz, ir iran during june 2013 to march 2014. twenty-six strains were isolated from female patients (42.6%...

OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to examine the role of the CmeABC efflux pump in decreasing the susceptibility of Campylobacter coli to macrolides and ketolides in the context of absence or presence of mutations in the 23S rRNA genes. METHODS The cmeB gene was inactivated in strains of C. coli showing two different patterns of erythromycin resistance (low or high level of resistance) asso...

OBJECTIVES Enterobacteriaceae have multiple efflux pumps that confer intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. AcrB mediates clinically relevant multidrug resistance and is required for virulence and biofilm formation, making it an attractive target for the design of inhibitors. The aim of this study was to assess the viability of single transporters as a target for efflux inhibition using Salmonell...

OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the characteristics of liver X receptor α (LXRα) and its target gene expression, as well as cholesterol efflux in human macrophages treated by nicotine. METHODS Human monocyte-derived macrophages were collected. Before apoA-I-mediated human monocyte-derived macrophage cholesterol efflux, and mRNA expression of LXRα, and some of its target genes being d...

The global consequence of drug efflux gene overexpression in bacteria has not been specifically analyzed because strains showing high-level expression typically have mutations in genes encoding regulatory proteins that control other genes. Results from a transcriptional profiling study performed with a strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that is capable of high-level transcription of the mtrCDE eff...

ratory infection. It causes nosocomial infections in immunocompromised hosts. Recent studies indicate that an increasing percentage of Klebsiella strains are becoming resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. In particular, infection with K. pneumoniae that are resistant against the b-lactams and fluoroquinolones are especially severe clinical problems. Furthermore, such resistant K. pneumoni...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections and has an intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics. Among all the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) pumps of P. aeruginosa, MexAB-OprM is the first efflux pump found to target multiple classes of antibiotics. This study was aimed to evaluate the expression level of genes expres...

RATIONALE Therapeutically targeting macrophage reverse cholesterol transport is a promising approach to treat atherosclerosis. Macrophage energy metabolism can significantly influence macrophage phenotype, but how this is controlled in foam cells is not known. Bioinformatic pathway analysis predicts that miR-33 represses a cluster of genes controlling cellular energy metabolism that may be impo...

Antibiotic resistant and biofilm forming uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae are rising. This study was conducted to evaluate the efflux pump plasmid mediated genes in ciprofloxacin (CIP) hospital acquired Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae. Also, assess anti-biofilm action of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Uropathogenic E. K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from Mansoura ...

The relationship between efflux system overexpression and cross-resistance to cefoxitin, quinolones, and chloramphenicol has recently been reported in Klebsiella pneumoniae. In 3 previously published clinical isolates and 17 in vitro mutants selected with cefoxitin or fluoroquinolones, mutations in the potential regulator genes of the AcrAB efflux pump (acrR, ramR, ramA, marR, marA, soxR, soxS,...