Complex, perilous domains like surgery and aviation require accurate responses under extreme time constraints. Checklists improve important outcomes in these domains. However, current designs are based largely on intuition; there is little theory or empirical work about designing effective procedure aids. Furthermore, discretionary checklist use is fragmented and bursty rather than predictable ...

The Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) is an effective index for snow-cover mapping at large scales, but in forested regions the identification accuracy for snow using the NDSI is low because of forest cover effects. In this study, typical evergreen coniferous forest zones on Qilian Mountain in the Upper Heihe River Basin (UHRB) were chosen as example regions. By analyzing the spectral sig...

Friedman showed how to turn a classical proof of a Σ 1 formula into an intuitionistic proof of the same formula, thus giving an effective method to extract witnesses from classical proofs of such formulae. In this paper we show how to achieve the same goal efficiently using Krivine realizability with primitive numerals, and prove that the corresponding program is but the direct-style equivalent...

Action refinement is a practical hierarchical method to ease the design of large reactive systems. Relating hierarchical specification to hierarchical implementation is an effective method to decrease the complexity of the verification of these systems. In our previous work [15], this issue has been investigated in the simple case of the refinement of an action by a finite process. In this pape...

Many oligonucleotide arrays contain spatial flaws. Standardisation methods such as quantile scaling make no reference to the spatial nature of the flaws. However, the spatial compactness of such flaws can be exploited to provide the basis for corrections that are quite independent of any subsequent chip-wide correction procedure (such as quantile scaling). With three or more replicate arrays, v...

Here we show that the Event Driven Condition Free (EVCF) simulation technique for gate-level circuits can be extended to the multi-delay timing model. In the multi-delay timing model, gates have different integer delays. Events are produced out of order and must be sorted for processing. The EVCF technique has shown spectacular gains in performance for the zero-delay and unit-delay models. The ...

This paper attempts to provide an account of an ongoing project on developing methods with software implementation for building multilingual lexical databases based on Princeton WordNet. The objectives of this project are not unique; several similar projects have been carried out to different stages. We have been implementing a combination of manual and automatic techniques. The result is an ef...

This paper presents a method to detect and measure the hilar region of chest radiographs. The reason why there is no suggested method to detect hilar region is that the hilar region does not have a clear shape or specific texture. We use a very simple but very effective method to detect the location and size of the hilar region of chest radiographs.

This paper examines whether civic technology ICTs provide an effective method for enhancing the political efficacy of citizens and their perceived accountability of governments. Using a survey-based methodology, a quantitative analysis was conducted of the users of civic action sites in the UK, Kenya, South Africa and USA. The key question examined is whether the particularized or citizen-audit...