Application of L-glutamate (L-glu) to particular neurons (G-H cells) in the esophageal ganglia of Onchidium produced hyperpolarization associated with an increase in K+ permeability. The reversal potential (Erev) for this response, was -60 mV. The ED50, an indicator of affinity between L-glu and its receptive site, was 5.3 mM, and the Hill coefficient n, an indicator of cooperativity, was 2. Ot...

Few studies have dealt with thiopental sodium-induced anaesthetic action and the effect of combining meloxicam (a high plasma protein-bound) in 10–15 day old chicks. First, analgesic median effective dose (ED50) was determined as 35.85 mg/kg, IM by up-and-down routine, while hypnotic ED50 value 34.40 chick model. A sodium injection (18, 36 72 IM) produces a significant dose-responsive chicks, b...

Background: The development of newer classes of antiepileptic drugs has created several opportunities for the treatment of epilepsy. Aims & Objective: The present study was designed to assess the effect of amlodipine on the antiepileptic action of lamotrigine, gabapentin and topiramate in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model. Materials and Methods: 300 Adult male mice were divid...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In both clinical and animal studies, it has been shown that repetitive short laser pulses can cause selective retinal pigment epithelium damage (RPE) with sparing of photoreceptors. Our purpose was to determine the ophthalmoscopic and angiographic damage thresholds as a function of pulse durations by using different pulsed laser systems to optimize treatment modalities....

Benzimidazoles are the most commonly used anthelmintic drugs for the chemical control of sheep strongylidoses in Bulgaria. The intensive and not always proper application could be able to cause a reduction of their efficacy. To establish benzimidazole resistances among gastrointestinal strongylids, two in vitro assays were performed – Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) and Larval Development Assay (LDA). Th...

The possibility that the high frequency of treatment failures in Indian kala-azar might be due to infection with antimony-resistant strains of Leishmania donovani has not been experimentally addressed. L. donovani isolates were obtained from splenic aspiration smears of 24 patients in Bihar, India, who either did not respond (15) or did respond (9) to 1 or more full courses of treatment with so...

The maculae of rhesus monkeys were exposed to an argon-ion lazer operated in the TEM00 continuous wave mode at a wavelength of 514.5 nm. Both ophthalmoscopic and histopathologic evaluations of exposure sites were obtained. Threshold (ED50) values were obtained for 0.5, 5, 30, 120, and 1,000 sec. exposure times. Presence of minimum visible lesions was assessed ophthalmoscopically at both 1 hour ...

We have examined the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurones in propofol anaesthesia in mice using the righting reflex. Propofol i.p. increased the percentage of loss of the righting reflex in a dose-dependent manner with an ED50 value of 140 (95% confidence limits 123-160) mg kg-1 (n = 40; eight animals per dose, five doses per dose-response curve). The ED50 for propofol decreased sign...