objective: pseudotumor cerbri (ptc) is a clinical syndrome characterized by increased intra-cranial pressure (icp) without any evidence of a mass lesion or any obstructive process. the incidence is 0.9-2 per 100.000 people. it is more frequent in adults in the 20-30 years age group, especially obese women, and less common in pediatric age groups; 11-16 years old children may however suffer from...

the coexistence of medullary thyroid carcinoma (mtc), papillary thyroid carcinoma (ptc) and parathyroid adenoma is an uncommon clinical entity. here, we report a case of mtc, ptc, and parathyroid adenoma diagnosed incidentally on a routine physical examination of the neck for the work-up of diabetes. the patient had neither symptoms of hypercalcemia nor those related to mtc and ptc.

The current model of planarian anterior regeneration evokes the establishment of low levels of Wnt signalling at anterior wounds, promoting anterior polarity and subsequent elaboration of anterior fate through the action of the TALE class homeodomain PREP. The classical observation that decapitations positioned anteriorly will regenerate heads more rapidly than posteriorly positioned decapitati...

Pattern formation along the anterior-posterior axis of the vertebrate limb is established upon activation of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) in the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA). Since many mouse mutants with preaxial polydactyly show ectopic expression of Shh at the anterior margin of the limb buds, it has been thought to be a primary defect caused by these mutations. We show here that the mouse muta...

Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is an endocrine disorder characterized by high secretion of parathyroid hormone. Brown tumor one the skeletal manifestations HPT. Its overall prevalence low (about 0.1%). Involvement facial bones extremely rare. The mandible involved in 4.5% cases. Primary HPT (PHPT)with vitamin D deficiency worsens clinical course. Parathyroid adenoma detected ectopic places with a ra...

PURPOSE Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common thyroid malignancy, usually possesses BRAF mutation or rearranged in translation (RET)/PTC rearrangements. PTC usually possesses BRAF mutation or RET/PTC rearrangements. The mutation status of patients with recurrent PTC has never been characterized in a large population. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Mutation status was determined in a cohort ...

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has retained a rudimentary Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway; Hh and Smoothened (Smo) homologs are absent, but two highly related Patched gene homologs, ptc-1 and ptc-3, and 24 ptc-related (ptr) genes are present. We previously showed that ptc-1 is essential for germ line cytokinesis. Here, we report that ptc-3 is also an essential gene; the absence of ptc-3 r...