ectopic thyroid tissue results from abnormal embryologic development and migration of the thyroid gland. true malignant transformation in ectopic thyroid tissue is extremely rare and is always diagnosed after surgical excision of the lesion by pathology examinations. there are well-documented cases of ectopic thyroid cancer while primary tumoral lesion occurs in the orthotopic thyroid, but only...

results following ectopic expression of mir-375, sox2ot and sox2 expression analysis revealed a significant decrease in their expression level (p < 0.05) in nt-2 cells compared to the control. cell cycle analysis following ectopic expression of mir-375 in the nt-2 cells using propidium iodine staining revealed significant extension in sub-g1 cell cycle. conclusions this is the first report to s...

Abstract Leukodystrophy with vanishing white matter (VWM), also called Childhood Ataxia Central Nervous System Hypomyelination, is caused by mutations in the subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor, EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4 or EIF2B5. However, little known regarding underlying pathogenetic mechanisms, and there no curative treatment for VWM. In this study, we established firs...

Background: Endometriosis is a complex disease that profoundly affects the quality of life in many women. This disease affects roughly one in ten women of reproductive age. Endometriosis induces a variable amount of inflammatory reaction in pelvic environment. An active immune system needs to recognize these inflammatory agents. Rapid innate immune system defenses against infections involve the...

The vestigial (vg) gene of Drosophila plays a central role in the development and patterning of the wing: loss of vestigial results in failures in wing development and ectopic expression of vestigial leads to the development of ectopic wings. The wing-specific regulation of vestigial is mediated through two enhancers: (1) the Boundary Enhancer (vgBE) is early acting and becomes restricted to th...

We read, with much interest, the recent Research Article by Järvinen et al. (Järvinen et al., 2003), in which the authors show that, after removing the cast from an immobilized rat hind leg, within 8 weeks tenascin-C (TN-C) expression is increased in tendon and the myotendinous junction, but there is no de novo appearance of TN-C in skeletal muscle connective tissue. The authors extensively cri...

Merkel cells are mechanosensitive skin cells whose production requires the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Atoh1. We induced ectopic Atoh1 expression in the skin of transgenic mice to determine whether Atoh1 was sufficient to create additional Merkel cells. In embryos, ectopic Atoh1 expression drove ectopic expression of the Merkel cell marker keratin 8 (K8) throughout the epidermis...

Merkel cells are mechanosensitive skin cells whose production requires the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Atoh1. We induced ectopic Atoh1 expression in the skin of transgenic mice to determine whether Atoh1 was sufficient to create additional Merkel cells. In embryos, ectopic Atoh1 expression drove ectopic expression of the Merkel cell marker keratin 8 (K8) throughout the epidermis...

In contrast to the conservation of floral organ order in angiosperm flowers, nectary glands can be found in various floral and extrafloral positions. Since in Arabidopsis, the nectary develops only at the base of stamens, its specification was assayed with regard to the floral homeotic ABC selector genes. We show that the nectary can form independently of any floral organ identity gene but is r...

Skin identity is controlled by a combination of intrinsic features the epidermis and dermis as well crosstalk between two compartments. The modification skin has clinical potential, such conversion residual limb/stump (Non-volar) an amputee to pressure-responsive palmoplantar (Volar) in effort enhance prosthesis use minimize breakdown. Greater KRT9 expression, higher epidermal thickness, larger...