While it is well-known that (pronominal) subjects can be omitted not only in pro-drop languages such as Russian or Italian, but also in certain registers of English (e.g. diaries), non-overt subjects in casual spoken English have not yet been analysed in any detail. This paper will discuss the factors possibly influencing the choice of overt or non-overt pronouns in a recently collected corpus ...

The usage of economics in grid systems designs has been very popular recently. System designers have attempted to engineer the grid market mechanism that would lead to an efficient outcome before implementing it and open it to end users. It can be noted that, although the usage of economics in grid computing is rather recent, many different grid market mechanisms have been, to this date, design...

In a sustained development scenario it is often the case that an investment is to be made over time in facilities that generate benefits. The benefits result from joint synergies between the facilities expressed as positive utilities specific to some subsets of facilities. As incremental budgets to finance fixed facility costs become available over time, additional facilities can be opened. The...

This paper presents a simple model of how an animal should best use experience to track a changing environment. The model supposes that the environment switches between good and bad states according to a first-order Markov chain. The optimal sampling behavior is characterized in terms of the stability of runs (the probability that the environment will stay in the same state from one time to the...

BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is one of the major risk factors for chronic diseases and results in huge economic and social costs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of smoking. Moreover, we evaluated the association between selected socioeconomic factors and tobacco smoking among economically active individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population covered 2254 economicall...

Email has emerged as a dominant form of electronic communication between people. Spam is a major problem for email users, with estimates of up to 56% of email falling into that category. Control of Spam is being attempted with technical and legislative methods. In this paper we look at email and spam from a supply-demand perspective. We propose Gridemail, an email system based on an economy of ...

OBJECTIVES The study objective was to evaluate an association between selected work-related and socio-economic factors and tobacco smoking among economically active individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted among randomly selected residents of the city of Łódź (n = 598) aged 25-64 years. The smoking status was determined based on questionnaire data. Logistic regression models...