this paper aims to study the relationship between intellectual property and patent and economic growth in islamic countries for the period of 1990 – 2010. this theoretical basis of the model is constructed on economic growth models in 1990s. the technique which we employed is the index of patents to measure the impact on economic growth. to analysis this relationship we use “pedroni cointegrati...

Objective: Mastitis is the most important and costly health disorder in dairy farms around the world. The aim of this study is to estimate the economic impact of mastitis in dairy herds in Tehran province. Design: Data triangulation. Methods: Data of this study were gathered using a questioner which was collected by 135 farmers in Tehran province together with 25 faculty members and DVSc grad...

economic sanctions appear to be a common feature of political interactions between states. economic sanctions have become increasingly important as alternative to military conflict since the last decade of twentieth century. this paper provides, through a gravity model, an estimation of the impact of economic sanctions on bilateral trade flows between iran and its major trading partners during ...

A key part of any assessment of the global value of crop biotechnology in agriculture is an examination of its economic impact at the farm level. This paper follows earlier annual studies which examined economic impacts on yields, key costs of production, direct farm income and effects, and impacts on the production base of the four main crops of soybeans, corn, cotton and canola. The commercia...

Kidney stones have been rising in prevalence in the United States and worldwide, and represent a significant cost burden. Cost effectiveness research in this area may enable improvements in treatment efficiency that can benefit patients, providers and the healthcare system. There has been limited research in the cost effectiveness of surgical interventions for stone disease, despite the diverse...

The magnitude of economic impact on postnatal ossification timing in generally lower-income boys and girls of European ancestry was found to be 0.21 standard deviation units or Zscores for a difference of approximately $2200.00 in per-capita income. Both boys and girls were equally affected. While it is axiomatic that the children of the poor are developmentally delayed in comparison with boys ...

This paper investigates the impact of government size on economic growth in selected economies of the MENA countries by using a non-linear panel data approach over the period 1990-2011. The estimation results of Panel Smooth Threshold Regression model show that when the level of government consumption is very large, the positive impact of labor force on growth is intensified. On the other hand,...