One of the critical adaptations for freeze tolerance by the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, is the production of large quantities of glucose as an organ cryoprotectant during freezing exposures. Glucose export from the liver, where it is synthesized, and its uptake by other organs is dependent upon carriermediated transport across plasma membranes by glucose-transporter proteins. Seasonal changes in...

BACKGROUND An estimated 3.5 million children have been born to date using assisted reproduction technologies. We reviewed the data in order to evaluate current knowledge of medical outcome for IVF/ICSI children born after cryopreservation, slow freezing and vitrification of early cleavage stage embryos, blastocysts and oocytes. METHODS A systematic review was performed. We searched the PubMed...

Results from sampling for sardine (Sardina pilchardus) eggs at station L4 in the coastal Western English Channel over the period 1988–2008 are presented and discussed in relation to environmental conditions. As previously observed in this area, there is a summer spawning season (midMarch to early July) and one in the autumn (early September to mid-November). The historical trend for increasing ...

Background: The repeated freeze-thaw events during cold season, freezing of soils in autumn and thawing in spring are typical for the tundra, boreal, and temperate soils. The thawing of soils during winter-summer transitions induces the release of decomposable organic carbon and acceleration of soil respiration. The winter-spring fluxes of CO2 from permanently and seasonally frozen soils are es...

In forest ecosystems of East Asia region, soil freeze-thaw events occur normally in the field, which may affect carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. Due to influence Asian monsoon, forests usually have sufficient rainfall summer varying precipitation autumn. addition, they are most likely experience changes freezing thawing caused by reduction winter snowfall under ...

autumn sugar beet sowing has priority to its spring sowing in terms of economic productivity and water use efficiency. in khorasan razavi and khorasan-e-jonobi provinces, sugar beet is only sown in spring. therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the feasibility of autumn sugar beet sowing in these regions. using geographical information systems is the best and inexpensive way to identify suitabl...

Climate change provides new challenges to Nordic forestry. Use of non-native species, such as Douglas fir, can be a means of mitigating the effects of climate change and meeting the growing demand for biomass. When Douglas fir is grown in Sweden, it is several degrees of latitude north of its normal range, which can affect timing of growth cessation, hardening of seedlings, and seedling storabi...

We analyzed the dynamics of carbon balance components: gross primary production (GPP) and total ecosystem respiration (TER), of a boreal Scots pine forest in Southern Finland. The main focus is on investigations of environmental drivers of GPP and TER and how they affect the inter-annual variation in the carbon balance in autumn (September–December). We used standard climate data and CO2 exchan...