OBJECTIVES To describe middle ear ventilation route blockage, relieved during middle ear endoscopic surgery, and to analyze its association with mastoid hypopneumatization/sclerotization. STUDY DESIGN Prospective case series with intraoperative analyses, and with a case-control computed tomographic scan comparison. METHODS Intraoperative findings during endoscopic middle ear surgery are des...

Background : Carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumors that typically occur in the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. Carcinoid middle ear rare. Herein, we report a case of carcinoid developed spinal metastasis required decompression surgery more than 20 years after initial surgery.

The development of endoscopic ear surgery techniques promises to change the way we approach ear surgery. In this review paper, we explore the current evidence, seek to determine the advantages of endoscopic ear surgery, and see if these advantages are both measureable and meaningful. The wide field of view of the endoscope allows the surgeon to better visualize the various recesses of the middl...

BACKGROUND During middle ear surgery manipulations like burring, cooling with water, suction or even screwing cause changes of temperature which should be known to the surgeon. METHOD An infrared thermovision device was introduced for registration. RESULTS Thermography is an easy way for continuously recording thermic effects during surgery. If sufficient cooling is guaranteed, no temperatu...