The bovine papillomavirus E5 protein is a small, homodimeric transmembrane protein that forms a stable complex with the cellular platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta receptor through transmembrane and juxtamembrane interactions, resulting in receptor activation and cell transformation. Glutamine 17 in the transmembrane domain of the 44-amino-acid E5 protein is critical for complex formati...

CD1d and CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells serve as a natural bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses to microbes. CD1d downregulation is utilized by a variety of microbes to evade immune detection. We demonstrate here that CD1d is downregulated in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cells in vivo and in vitro. CD1d immunoreactivity was strong in HPV-negative normal cervi...

The bovine papillomavirus E5 protein is a 44-amino-acid membrane-associated protein that forms a stable complex with the endogenous platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta receptor in rodent and bovine fibroblasts, resulting in sustained receptor activation and cell transformation. We report here that high-level expression of the E5 protein caused a reduction in the level of the mature form ...

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I region in mammals contains both classical and non-classical MHC class I genes. Classical MHC class I molecules present antigenic peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes, whereas non-classical MHC class I molecules have a variety of functions. Both classical and non-classical MHC molecules interact with natural killer cell receptors and may under so...

Papillomaviruses have evolved mechanisms that result in escape from host immune surveillance. The E5 protein is expressed early in papillomavirus infection in the deep layers of the infected epithelium. It is localized to the Golgi apparatus (GA) and endoplasmic reticulum. The E5 protein of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) impairs the synthesis and stability of major histocompatibility (MHC) class I...

Human papillomavirus type 16 E5 protein (HPV-16 E5) is expressed early in papillomavirus infection and is localised primarily in the cell Golgi apparatus (GA) and endoplasmic reticulum. E5 prevents transport of the major histocompatibility class I (MHC I; HLA class I in humans) to the cell surface and retains the complex in the GA. We report that these effects are due, at least in part, to the ...

The 44-amino acid bovine papillomavirus E5 protein induces tumorigenic transformation of immortal rodent fibroblasts by binding to and activating the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor (PDGFbetaR). Here E5 was expressed in mortal human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs), which lack the accumulated genetic changes that are present in immortal rodent cells. E5 induced focus formation and morpho...

Cervical cancer is a progressive disease with an onset of one to two decades on average. During the productive replication stage, the Human papillomavirus (HPV) genome is maintained episomally in the infected cervical epithelium and early gene products, including E5, are expressed. Therefore, E5 has a potential to contribute to the HPV-associated carcinogenic process. In invasive malignancies, ...

The detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 early genes: E7, E5, and the late gene: L1 was attempted in 42 uterine cervical neoplasia (35 cervical carcinomas and 7 cervical dysplasias) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Consequently, E7 gene was detected in 19 (54.3%) of 35 carcinomas and in 5 (71.4%) of 7 dysplasias, E5 gene was detected in 7 (20.0%) of 35 carcinomas and...