backgrounds: this study tries to detect gender stereotypes in the fictions of jalal-e al-e-ahmad (iranian writer). . gender stereotypes are defined as personal beliefs about gender differences in traits and behavior, largely attributable to socialization. in fact, gender stereotypes are fixed ideas about men’s and women’s traits and capabilities and how people should behave, based on their gend...

al-adab al-saghīr has been translated from pahlavi, and can be regarded as the crossroads of the iranian and islamic cultures. ibn-e moqafa’a, like other translators of pahlavi texts, translated texts which were in line with islamic thoughts from pahlavi to arabic. this was warmly welcomed in the arab world, but they were gradually intertwined with arabic thoughts and the iranian roots were for...

The author contends that sex differentials in childhood mortality in Pakistan are a likely outcome of son preference behavior by parents. Consideration is given to the historical improvement in the female disadvantage in mortality, the neglect of female children, gender and class factors, and son preference and high fertility. Data are from the 1981 Pakistan census and other official surveys....

In this paper, we study the Chebyshev property of the 3-dimentional vector space $E =langle I_0, I_1, I_2rangle$, where $I_k(h)=int_{H=h}x^ky,dx$ and $H(x,y)=frac{1}{2}y^2+frac{1}{2}(e^{-2x}+1)-e^{-x}$ is a non-algebraic Hamiltonian function. Our main result asserts that $E$ is an extended complete Chebyshev space for $hin(0,frac{1}{2})$. To this end, we use the criterion and tools developed by...

al-mansour mohammad ibn-e abi amer was the mighty chamberlain of hisham (moayyad), the omavite caliph of andalusia (caliphate 366-399). his period is simultaneous with the beginning of the moslems' military weakness and the anarchic circumstances in the rule of moslems over andalusia, as the christians dared to transgress the borderlines of, andalusia, and plunder and kill people there. al...

badi’ iyaat – created as a new technique in a period of arabic literature, that is known as the decline era. the study of this technique as a form of poetry in this era, creates a cloud of doubt for naming the period. there have been many poets with thousands of great poems that reflect the prominence of this era not its decline. the writer of this article has studied badi’ iyaat in khazaanat –...

â  â  ibn al-amid’s poetry â â â â â  s.f. mirghaderi * â  hossein kiani** â  â  abstract â  ibn al-amid is one of the most distinguished writers of the arabic literature who is believed, even by his contemporary critics, to be at the top of his profession due to the unique characteristics of his writings. besides being a writer, ibn al-amid also had a taste in composing poems. his poems are ...