Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. A limited number of studies have looked at the risk factors for recurrent CDI. Mitochondrial NeuroGastroIntestinal Encephalopathy (MNGIE) is a rare multisystemic disorder that causes gastrointestinal dysmotility. Herein we present a patient with MNGIE who suffered recurrent and severe C. difficile infe...

Quantitative eye movement recordings in a patient with multiple sclerosis who had both macro square wave jerks and an internuclear ophthalmoparesis supported the concept of an internal brain-stem monitor that mediates corrective eye movements. A brain-stem model of this monitor illustrates the patient's motility disorder and the normal function of providing synergistic version and vergence corr...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a modern epidemic which leads to various complications over a period of time. Autonomic neuropathy is one such complication which may lead on to gallbladder dysmotility and gallbladder stones. Objectives: To determine the incidence of gallbladder disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to find out the incidence of autonomic dysfunction in type 2 di...

BACKGROUND Dysmotility-like dyspepsia symptoms are frequent in patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE). Current data suggest that patients with mild enteropathy may be present with gluten-sensitive symptoms and complications. AIM To investigate the prevalence of GSE, including mild enteropathy, in patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia symptoms. METHODS We retrospectively studied...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Colonoscopy and computed tomography (CT) are used primarily to exclude organic diseases in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), rather than to assess the pathophysiology of IBS. We aimed to evaluate colonic dysmotility and morphology in Japanese patients with IBS. METHODS One hundred eighty-four patients with IBS and 49 asymptomatic controls who underwent colonoscopy ...

BACKGROUND Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) are involved in the reproductive cycle and regulate the secretion of sex steroids from the gonads. In mammals, GnRH1 is secreted as a hormone from the hypothalamus, whereas both GnRH1 and GnRH2 are present as neuropeptides in a variety of tissues. This review describes the role of ...

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